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" INTERPOLATIONS, AND WHY
From the list of spurious passages, sentences, and words compiled by Dr. Tischendorf, based on his careful and analytical study of the Sinaitic manuscript, we have selected for comment what seem to be the most important from the standpoint of the effect they have upon the teachings of the Bible as a whole. In each case we have offered a brief suggestion as to how the interpolation changes the meaning of the text. In some cases we have suggested a possible reason why the copyist who made the addition may have thought it desirable.
These selections follow, and the spurious text, or portion of text, is shown in bold-face type at the beginning of the paragraph, followed immediately by our own observations. To save space, we have not quoted the entire passage in which these interpolations appear. We strongly recommend, however, that the reader look up these passages in his own Bible, which will most likely be the King James Version, and study it in connection with the observations suggested.
Matthew 6:13 -- "For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen." These words which were added to our Lord's Prayer make it contradictory. It would be useless to pray for God's kingdom to come if the divine rule is already fully operative in the earth. At the time these uninspired words were added to the Lord's Prayer, it was the general belief that Christ's kingdom was ruling through the church-state systems of Europe, hence this effort to make the Bible support the claim.
Matthew 16:2 -- "When it is evening, ye say, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red." This is merely a tradition, having no foundation in fact. The use of such a statement in the inspired Word tends to discount the authority of the whole Book in the minds of reasoning people.
Matthew 16:3 -- "And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky is red and lowring. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times?" This entire verse is spurious. Note suggestion immediately foregoing.
Matthew 17:21 -- "and fasting." That this is spurious is evident from the fact that Jesus cast out the devil to which reference is made without being prepared by a season of fasting.
Matthew 25:6 -- "cometh." To announce that the Bridegroom is coming is contrary to the prophecies which show that none would know in advance the time of his arrival. With the spurious word `cometh' out of the text, the statement reads, "Behold the Bridegroom," which indicates a recognition that Christ has already returned and is present.
Mark 4:37 -- "so that it [the ship] was now full." This is obviously an enthusiastic exaggeration of a copyist, for no ship could be `full' of water without being awash, which evidently was not the case.
Mark 7:14 -- "unto me every one of you," This was evidently added by a copyist who had the erroneous idea that Jesus did all he could to convert everyone, which is not in keeping with the Master's teachings. Jesus did not expect everyone to understand at that time. Indeed, he often spoke in parables so they could not understand. The time for the general enlightenment of the world is yet future.
Mark 10:30 -- "houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions;" Verses 29 and 30, without these added words, contain a wonderful promise to Christians, assuring them of abundant compensating blessings of a spiritual kind in this life for every sacrifice they make, and in the world to come, eternal life. But no Christian has ever received a hundred houses in return for a house he may have sacrificed in the LORD's service. Material blessings are not promised to the Christian, and such statements as this tend to discredit the reasonableness of the Bible.
Mark 16:9-20 -- All these verses are spurious. Christians are not promised protection from harm resulting from snake bites and drinking poison, as in the 18th verse that says: "They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them." This, like many other interpolations, tends to make the Bible seem unreasonable.
Luke 16:16 -- "and every man presseth into it." It is not true that `every man presseth into' the kingdom. On the contrary, the privileges of the kingdom are available only to "a little flock" (Luke 12:32) during this Gospel Age. The addition to the inspired text was evidently made by a copyist who held the view that the divine plan for this age is the conversion of the entire world.
Luke 22:68 -- "me, nor let me go." These added words give the thought that Jesus was attempting to put up a defense that would result in acquittal, but this was not the case. Jesus knew that he was to die as man's Redeemer, and that his hour for the supreme sacrifice had come, so he was not asking to be set free.
Luke 23:34 -- "Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." Some copyist added these words with the evident thought of revealing the Master's benevolence toward his enemies, but actually they are not in harmony with the known facts. Whatever Jesus requested of the Heavenly Father would be granted. But those who crucified him were not forgiven. It was a national sin for which they have suffered severely.
John 3:13 -- "which is in heaven." Jesus, the Son of Man, was not in heaven at the time of his dialogue with Nicodemus. Whoever added these spurious words may have believed that Jesus was God himself, and in some mysterious way could be on earth and in heaven at the same time.
John 4:9 -- "for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.<170> These words are historically incorrect, as is indicated by Luke 9:52.
John 5:3,4 -- From the word "waiting" in the third verse, through verse four. These words reflect superstitions which played such an important role in the religious lives of professed Christians during the Dark Ages.
John 5:25 -- "and now is," Soon after the apostles fell asleep in death the church began to lose sight of the real hope of the resurrection. The heathen doctrine of immediate survival after death -- which, in professed Christian circles became the doctrine of inherent immortality -- made void the necessity of a resurrection of the dead. The addition of the words "and now is" to this text is intended to convey the thought that Jesus' promise of the resurrection is fulfilled in some mysterious way when one hears the call of truth and becomes a Christian. Thus not only is the real meaning of this promise voided, but the text is made to contradict itself, because the resurrection could not be `coming' and `now is' at the same time.
John 8:1-11 -- All these verses are spurious. A very interesting story, but evidently merely legendary.
John 21:25 -- This entire verse is also spurious. Obviously no one could say enough in three and one-half years -- the length of Jesus' ministry -- to fill so many books that the world would not hold them. Passages like this help to discredit the Bible, regardless of what its friends had in mind when adding them.
Acts 15:32 -- "and confirmed them." These words, descriptive of a traditional ordinance, may have been added in an attempt to justify a practice not otherwise authorized in the Bible.
Romans 8:26 -- "for us" These two little words may seem like a harmless addition to this text, but when we analyze the passage we find that by their use the Holy Spirit, or power of God, is made to appear as a person who intercedes at the throne of grace on behalf of Christians, with groanings which cannot be uttered. By omitting these added words, we get the real meaning of the text. It is the Christian's own spirit, which oftentimes, for the lack of adequate words to express himself, approaches God in the attitude of prayer.
I Corinthians 6:20 -- "and in your spirit, which are God's." An evident attempt to bolster the erroneous theory which was introduced into the church during the Dark Ages that the `spirit' is an entity separate and distinct from the body.
Ephesians 5:30 -- "of his flesh, and of his bones." The body of Christ glorified, of which Christians are prospective members, is not a fleshly body, as these words tend to indicate.
I Timothy 3:16 -- "God" The addition of the word `God' in this text represents another effort to prove that Jesus and God are one and the same person. The personality discussed in this text is Christ Jesus, who is introduced in verse 13. According to the Greek text, the word "who" should be used instead of `God'.
I Peter 2:5 -- the second usage of the word "spiritual." The sacrifices offered by Christians are their earthly rights and privileges. They are promised a spiritual reward, but are not asked to sacrifice spiritual things.
I John 3:16 -- "of God" These words were supplied by the translators and are not in any Greek text. This is another effort to have the Bible prove that God and Jesus are the same. God did not lay down his life for us, but the Son of God did.
I John 5:7 -- "in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one." These words were added in an effort to prove the Trinitarian doctrine. It is the only expression in the King James Version of the Bible that in any way suggests a triune God, but it is spurious, so should not be accepted as part of the inspired Word.
I John 5:8 -- "And there are three that bear witness in earth." Having added the above noted words in verse 7, the copyist evidently felt it necessary to add these words to verse 8 to make the entire passage seem more complete and reasonable.
Revelation 20:5 -- "But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished." These words were added at a time when the church claimed to be fulfilling scriptural promises concerning the thousand-year reign of Christ. The dead were not being raised during this pseudo-millennium, so it was convenient to make the inspired record teach that the resurrection should not be expected until the close of the thousand years.
Revelation 21:24 -- "of them which are saved." The copyist who added these words had evidently lost sight of the divine promises to bless all the nations of the earth. While the Scriptures do not teach the universal salvation of all individuals, yet all the families of the earth are to have an opportunity to be blessed during the kingdom reign of Christ, which fact these added words tend to annul. "
" INTERPOLATIONS, AND WHY
From the list of spurious passages, sentences, and words compiled by Dr. Tischendorf, based on his careful and analytical study of the Sinaitic manuscript, we have selected for comment what seem to be the most important from the standpoint of the effect they have upon the teachings of the Bible as a whole. In each case we have offered a brief suggestion as to how the interpolation changes the meaning of the text. In some cases we have suggested a possible reason why the copyist who made the addition may have thought it desirable.
These selections follow, and the spurious text, or portion of text, is shown in bold-face type at the beginning of the paragraph, followed immediately by our own observations. To save space, we have not quoted the entire passage in which these interpolations appear. We strongly recommend, however, that the reader look up these passages in his own Bible, which will most likely be the King James Version, and study it in connection with the observations suggested.
Matthew 6:13 -- "For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen." These words which were added to our Lord's Prayer make it contradictory. It would be useless to pray for God's kingdom to come if the divine rule is already fully operative in the earth. At the time these uninspired words were added to the Lord's Prayer, it was the general belief that Christ's kingdom was ruling through the church-state systems of Europe, hence this effort to make the Bible support the claim.
Matthew 16:2 -- "When it is evening, ye say, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red." This is merely a tradition, having no foundation in fact. The use of such a statement in the inspired Word tends to discount the authority of the whole Book in the minds of reasoning people.
Matthew 16:3 -- "And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky is red and lowring. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times?" This entire verse is spurious. Note suggestion immediately foregoing.
Matthew 17:21 -- "and fasting." That this is spurious is evident from the fact that Jesus cast out the devil to which reference is made without being prepared by a season of fasting.
Matthew 25:6 -- "cometh." To announce that the Bridegroom is coming is contrary to the prophecies which show that none would know in advance the time of his arrival. With the spurious word `cometh' out of the text, the statement reads, "Behold the Bridegroom," which indicates a recognition that Christ has already returned and is present.
Mark 4:37 -- "so that it [the ship] was now full." This is obviously an enthusiastic exaggeration of a copyist, for no ship could be `full' of water without being awash, which evidently was not the case.
Mark 7:14 -- "unto me every one of you," This was evidently added by a copyist who had the erroneous idea that Jesus did all he could to convert everyone, which is not in keeping with the Master's teachings. Jesus did not expect everyone to understand at that time. Indeed, he often spoke in parables so they could not understand. The time for the general enlightenment of the world is yet future.
Mark 10:30 -- "houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions;" Verses 29 and 30, without these added words, contain a wonderful promise to Christians, assuring them of abundant compensating blessings of a spiritual kind in this life for every sacrifice they make, and in the world to come, eternal life. But no Christian has ever received a hundred houses in return for a house he may have sacrificed in the LORD's service. Material blessings are not promised to the Christian, and such statements as this tend to discredit the reasonableness of the Bible.
Mark 16:9-20 -- All these verses are spurious. Christians are not promised protection from harm resulting from snake bites and drinking poison, as in the 18th verse that says: "They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them." This, like many other interpolations, tends to make the Bible seem unreasonable.
Luke 16:16 -- "and every man presseth into it." It is not true that `every man presseth into' the kingdom. On the contrary, the privileges of the kingdom are available only to "a little flock" (Luke 12:32) during this Gospel Age. The addition to the inspired text was evidently made by a copyist who held the view that the divine plan for this age is the conversion of the entire world.
Luke 22:68 -- "me, nor let me go." These added words give the thought that Jesus was attempting to put up a defense that would result in acquittal, but this was not the case. Jesus knew that he was to die as man's Redeemer, and that his hour for the supreme sacrifice had come, so he was not asking to be set free.
Luke 23:34 -- "Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." Some copyist added these words with the evident thought of revealing the Master's benevolence toward his enemies, but actually they are not in harmony with the known facts. Whatever Jesus requested of the Heavenly Father would be granted. But those who crucified him were not forgiven. It was a national sin for which they have suffered severely.
John 3:13 -- "which is in heaven." Jesus, the Son of Man, was not in heaven at the time of his dialogue with Nicodemus. Whoever added these spurious words may have believed that Jesus was God himself, and in some mysterious way could be on earth and in heaven at the same time.
John 4:9 -- "for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.<170> These words are historically incorrect, as is indicated by Luke 9:52.
John 5:3,4 -- From the word "waiting" in the third verse, through verse four. These words reflect superstitions which played such an important role in the religious lives of professed Christians during the Dark Ages.
John 5:25 -- "and now is," Soon after the apostles fell asleep in death the church began to lose sight of the real hope of the resurrection. The heathen doctrine of immediate survival after death -- which, in professed Christian circles became the doctrine of inherent immortality -- made void the necessity of a resurrection of the dead. The addition of the words "and now is" to this text is intended to convey the thought that Jesus' promise of the resurrection is fulfilled in some mysterious way when one hears the call of truth and becomes a Christian. Thus not only is the real meaning of this promise voided, but the text is made to contradict itself, because the resurrection could not be `coming' and `now is' at the same time.
John 8:1-11 -- All these verses are spurious. A very interesting story, but evidently merely legendary.
John 21:25 -- This entire verse is also spurious. Obviously no one could say enough in three and one-half years -- the length of Jesus' ministry -- to fill so many books that the world would not hold them. Passages like this help to discredit the Bible, regardless of what its friends had in mind when adding them.
Acts 15:32 -- "and confirmed them." These words, descriptive of a traditional ordinance, may have been added in an attempt to justify a practice not otherwise authorized in the Bible.
Romans 8:26 -- "for us" These two little words may seem like a harmless addition to this text, but when we analyze the passage we find that by their use the Holy Spirit, or power of God, is made to appear as a person who intercedes at the throne of grace on behalf of Christians, with groanings which cannot be uttered. By omitting these added words, we get the real meaning of the text. It is the Christian's own spirit, which oftentimes, for the lack of adequate words to express himself, approaches God in the attitude of prayer.
I Corinthians 6:20 -- "and in your spirit, which are God's." An evident attempt to bolster the erroneous theory which was introduced into the church during the Dark Ages that the `spirit' is an entity separate and distinct from the body.
Ephesians 5:30 -- "of his flesh, and of his bones." The body of Christ glorified, of which Christians are prospective members, is not a fleshly body, as these words tend to indicate.
I Timothy 3:16 -- "God" The addition of the word `God' in this text represents another effort to prove that Jesus and God are one and the same person. The personality discussed in this text is Christ Jesus, who is introduced in verse 13. According to the Greek text, the word "who" should be used instead of `God'.
I Peter 2:5 -- the second usage of the word "spiritual." The sacrifices offered by Christians are their earthly rights and privileges. They are promised a spiritual reward, but are not asked to sacrifice spiritual things.
I John 3:16 -- "of God" These words were supplied by the translators and are not in any Greek text. This is another effort to have the Bible prove that God and Jesus are the same. God did not lay down his life for us, but the Son of God did.
I John 5:7 -- "in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one." These words were added in an effort to prove the Trinitarian doctrine. It is the only expression in the King James Version of the Bible that in any way suggests a triune God, but it is spurious, so should not be accepted as part of the inspired Word.
I John 5:8 -- "And there are three that bear witness in earth." Having added the above noted words in verse 7, the copyist evidently felt it necessary to add these words to verse 8 to make the entire passage seem more complete and reasonable.
Revelation 20:5 -- "But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished." These words were added at a time when the church claimed to be fulfilling scriptural promises concerning the thousand-year reign of Christ. The dead were not being raised during this pseudo-millennium, so it was convenient to make the inspired record teach that the resurrection should not be expected until the close of the thousand years.
Revelation 21:24 -- "of them which are saved." The copyist who added these words had evidently lost sight of the divine promises to bless all the nations of the earth. While the Scriptures do not teach the universal salvation of all individuals, yet all the families of the earth are to have an opportunity to be blessed during the kingdom reign of Christ, which fact these added words tend to annul. "
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