I noticed early on that there is a big difference between Darwinian naturalistic assumptions and actual Biology. In the secular and scientific world Darwinian logic comes before the empirical data. It is propagated as an empirical conclusion based on the evidence but it's not, it's an a priori assumption in that it comes before the actual empirical evidence and transcends all evolutionary thinking. The key to defending Creationism against the constant onslaught of Darwinian logic is genetics.
MIT Open Courseware Lecture Series
In this series these brilliant Professors will expound on a vast array topics in Genetics and Biology. Creationism is not the only issue, Bioethics for instance with regards to things like embryonic stem cells. Prolifers have opposed harvesting stem cells because as soon at the egg is fertilized it is considered human.
In the opening introduction Prof. Robert A. Weinberg starts right off the bat pushing Darwinian evolution. The next four lectures will be on Biochemistry and by the time the course gets to Genetics taught by Prof. Eric Lander the focuses has shifted to
Gregor Johann Mendel. Mendel was a monk but he did not live a Monastic lifestyle that we associate with Medieval clerics. He was more like a Professor who both taught and research on how traits are inherited. While Darwinism was enjoying great popularity Mendel was working pretty much in obscurity and could not manage to attract much attention. According the the Human Genome project it was the work of Mendel and his single surviving paper that has propelled Biology and the quest to understand how inherited traits for the last 100 years. They identified four main phases corresponding roughly to the four quarters of the century.
1. Cellular basis of heredity- The Chromosomes
2. Molecular basis of heredity: The DNA Double Helix.
3. Informational basis of heredity: Biological mechanism by which cells read the information contained in genes (recombinant DNA, cloning and sequencing)
4. Genomics: Decipher genes and then entire genome sequences.
(Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome, Nature 15 Feb 2001)
According to Professor Weinberg, Genetics finally became a real science 50 years ago with the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick. He further says that because of that we can start to talk about the basic laws and rules that govern all forms of biological life on this planet and that we did not know 80% of what we do now in 1961.
The Mythical Time line of Darwinism:
Biological attributes,developed a very long time ago early in the inception of life on this planet...It’s clear, for example, that to the extent that Darwinian Evolution governs the development of life forms on this planet that is not an artifact of the Earth. Darwinian Evolution is a logic which is applicable to all life forms and all biosystems that may exist in the universe, even the ones we have not discovered. (Weinberg)
Evolution he says, solved the biochemical and molecular problems starting with the inception of life, this is the time line as he describes it:
The Two Major Cell Divisions, protozoa (single cell) and metazoa (zoa=animals).
- The inception of life (abiogenesis?)
- Conserved almost unchanged for the intervening 2 or 3 billion years.
- 1.5 billion years ago cells evolved that contained nuclei (largest organelle in animals and occupies 10% of the total volume.
- eukaryotes then existed in single-cell form for perhaps the next 700 or 800 million years until multi-cellular aggregates of eukaryotic cells first assembled
- the first multicellular life forms began to evolve 550, 600 million years ago.
- Plants go back 300 to 400 milion years but no more.
This time line has absolutely nothing to do with the real world science of Biology and Genetics but was artificially incorporated in what is called the
Modern Synthesis. The fact is that Darwinism leaches off of Mendelian Genetics and Genetics does not need Darwinism at all. After the Darwinian model based on naturalistic assumptions foundation is laid, then and only then does he begin to describe cellular architecture. At this point we are leaving the metaphysics are Darwinism and entering the empirical world of cellular molecular mechanisms:
- Mitochondrion (Cell Power Production. ATP synthase)
- Golgi apparatus (Post Office) Remodel and regenerate membranes, an integral in Modifying, sorting, and packaging Macromolecules required for life.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (Protein Synthesis)- important for the synthesis of proteins which are going to be displayed on the surface of cells
Cells synthesize a large number of different macromolecules required for life. The Golgi apparatus is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging these substances for cell secretion (exocytosis) or for use within the cell. It primarily modifies proteins delivered from the rough endoplasmic reticulum but is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes. In this respect it can be thought of as similar to a post office; it packages and labels items and then sends them to different parts of the cell. (Golgi Apparatus from Wikipedia)
Ribosomes (Protein Factory)
Ribosomes (from ribonucleic acid and "Greek: soma meaning 'body' they are 'the factories' that build proteins from the genetic instructions held within messenger RNA. They are complexes of RNA and protein that are found in all cells. The function of ribosomes is the assembly of proteins, in a process called translation. Ribosomes do this by catalyzing the assembly of individual amino acids into polypeptide chains; this involves binding a messenger RNA and then using this as a template to join together the correct sequence of amino acids. This reaction uses adapters called transfer RNA molecules, which read the sequence of the messenger RNA and are attached to the amino acids. (Ribosomes from Wikipedia)
- Chromatin (Chromosomes) the mixture of DNA and proteins and a little bit of RNA in it., which together constitutes the chromosomes.
Here's the thing, the former has nothing to do with the later. Intelligent Design is a movement that started at Berkly and has grown to include scientists, philosophers and mathematicians who claim naturalistic forces could not have evolved these molecular mechanisms. The problem with the sudden appearance of 19-35 of the 40 phyla would have had to be developed in a 5 to 10 million year period. In addition between 32 and 48 of 56 total subphyla.
Did you know that the term specificity did not originate with Intelligent Design proponents, this is where they get the term from.
...Thus, molecular biologists beginning with Crick equated information not only with complexity but also with “specificity,” where “specificity” or “specified” has meant “necessary to function” (Crick 1958:144, 153; Sarkar, 1996:191)...
Finally you will never hear a Darwinian admit that the known mutation rate causes a problem for evolution as natural history. If you have been into these issues you have seen the probablity argument for
abiogenesis. The same probability argument can be applied to most of the major transitional in the pantheon of modern Darwinian mythology.
...a mutation rate of 10-9 per base pair per year results in only a 1% change in the sequence of a given section of DNA in 10 million years...
It is staggering at the enormous problems with Darwinian evolution and yet it can never be questioned. If you do question it you are immediately considered ignorant. They call it an argument from incredulity because you have the audacity to question the naturalistic assumptions of Darwinian metaphysics. My suggestion for Creationists is simply this, learn to discern Darwinism out of Biology and Genetics. The conflict is not between religion and science but between theistic reasoning and naturalistic a priori assumptions.
You can learn the Life Sciences without Darwinism and should.
To that end I'm working on an Open Courseware and public domain based resource to encourage Creationists to do exactly that.
7.012: Introduction to Biology, Fall 2004
Whether you are a dyed in the wool Darwinian or Creationist how life works and how information is inherited remains unchanged. It's not science that is in jeopardy here, Darwinism has targeted traditional Christian theism. My advice to Creationists is to pursue knowledge of the Life Sciences. Darwinism is the obstacle, Creationism represents the true history of mankind, Intelligent Design proponents are our intellectual allies and genetics is the prize.
Grace and peace,
Mark