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There are those out there that assume that because I'm a Christian, I automatically accept views on the end times that televangelists and others that frequently remind their followers. This could not be further from the truth. Dispensationalism is likely singularly responsible for the rise of Christian Zionism. Pre-tribulationalism (popularized by the Left Behind series) and post-tribulation are simply different views on what believers consider to be the timing of the rapture. However, both views are based on dispensationalism and ultimately wrong in themselves.
Lack of Scriptural Support for End Times Theology
Many in the Christian community at large would tell you that there is a scriptural support for their views, but these usually come from passages from scripture that are taken out of context. The wikipedia article lists a few verses that ultimately fall apart when read in the larger context.
1 Corinthians 15:51-52
Behold, I tell you a mystery. We shall not all fall asleep, but we will all be changed, in an instant, in the blink of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
1 Corinthians 15 speaks not only on the Resurrection of Christ, but of the resurrection of the dead i.e. the spirit. Thus, it is rather premature to call this an example of the rapture without reading the chapter. The Resurrection is one of the cornerstones of the Christian faith, as is the resurrection of the dead. In this chapter, St. Paul reminds his followers of this and warns them against sin. Righteous behavior is rewarded (again, nothing new if you read the Gospels). Resurrection is a mystery unto itself (Christ's Resurrection being the first glorious mystery of the rosary) and it is the response to our internal struggles in life that ultimately decides our fate.
1 Thessalonians 4:15-17
Indeed, we tell you this, on the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will surely not precede those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord himself, with a word of command, with the voice of an archangel and with the trumpet of God, will come down from heaven, and the dead in Christ will rise first. The we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. Thus we shall always be with the Lord.
This seems straight out of an end times handbook. The problem with their interpretation is that it couldn't be further from what St. Paul intended the message to be. Add verses 13-14 in there and it suddenly makes more sense. St. Paul is saying that those who have died in Christ before them did not die in vain. Being that this is the tail end of chapter 4, chapter 5 speaks of vigilance. What you should essentially get from reading 1 Thessalonians is the scout's motto: be prepared. You could die at any time, so putting off leading a holy life until you are older isn't the best choice. To a Catholic, dying in a state of unrepentant mortal sin can only lead to one outcome.
Phillipians 3:21
He will change our lowly body to conform with his glorified body by the power that enables him also to bring all things into subjection to himself.
Phillipians 3:17-21 speaks of imitating Christ in your life. It ultimately is a philosophy opposed to the idea of not imitating Christ. Since the whole chapter speaks of righteousness, I fail to see how this could be used as a sign of the rapture.
John 14:2-3
In my Father's house there are many dwelling places. If there were not, would I have told you that I am going to prepare a place for you? And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back again and take you to myself, so that where I am you also may be.
Here's where at first glance, end times proponents seem to have a point. However, this is still shaky interpretation. Upon further reading of the chapter, you get to verse 6 (not that much further down either):
Jesus said to him, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”
And keep reading. It should hammer in the point that Jesus is speaking of Himself as the Savior leading us to the Kingdom of Heaven through Him. Of course, Jesus had to be crucified first, but you get the point. The end times position just doesn't hold water.
Misrepresented Prophecies of the Book of Daniel
Matthew 24:29-36
Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming upon the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send out his angels with a trumpet blast, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other. Learn a lesson from the fig tree. When its branch becomes tender and sprouts leaves, you know that the summer is near. In the same way, when you see all these things, know that he is near, at the gates. Amen, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. But of the day and hour, no one knows, neither the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone.
I know this isn't the Book of Daniel, but this one is used quite a bit. Going back to Matthew 24:15, Jesus speaks of the abomination mentioned by Daniel the prophet. But what exactly was Daniel referring to? To get a better understanding, we'll have to tackle the wider scriptures.
1 Maccabees 1:54
On the fifteenth day of the month of Chislev, in the year one hundred and forty-five, the king erected the horrible abomination upon the altar of holocausts, and in the surrounding cities of Judah they built pagan altars.
This passage refers to the actions of King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who desecrated the temple.
Daniel 12:11
From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the horrible abomination is set up, there shall be one thousand two hundred and ninety days.
Feel free to cite 1 Maccabees the next time someone tries to use this passage with the wrong intention. Daniel's prophecy is referring to King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, not the Antichrist. It stands clear that the Messiah, the Son of Man, would have to come into the world as a response to oppression. By taking a look at the history of Palestine, one finds that many different rulers have taken control of the land. Alexander the Great was responsible for the spread of Hellenism through much of the world. King Antiochus was simply attempting to Hellenize the Jews. That did not work out very well.
Jesus spoke of a time to come, but it was already upon the world. The temple would be destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. The Apostolic generation would pass away after this with the death of John, the beloved disciple.
Daniel 7:78
After this, in the visions of the night I saw the fourth beast, different from all the others, terrifying, horrible, and of extraordinary strength; it had great iron teeth with which it devoured and crushed, and what was left it trampled with its feet. I was considering the ten horns it had, when suddenly another, a little horn, sprang out of their midst, and three of the previous horns were torn away to make room for it. This horn had eyes like a man, and a mouth that spoke arrogantly.
The fourth beast is a reference to Alexander the Great, who crushed the mighty Persian Empire. The ten horns represent the ten kings of the Seleucid dynasty. And who was the little horn? King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the worst of the Seleucid kings, who usurped the throne.
Read more and you get to Daniel 7:23-25, which describes the scenario.
He answered me thus:
“The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom on earth, different from all the others; It shall devour the whole earth, beat it down, and crush it. The ten horns shall be ten kings rising out of that kingdom; another shall rise up after them, different from those before him, who shall lay low three kings. He shall speak against the Most High and oppress the holy ones of the Most High, thinking to change the feast days and the law. They shall be handed over to him for a year, two years, and a half-year.”
The persecutions of Antiochus IV are chronicled in 1 Maccabees, confirming that the prophecy in Daniel about the little horn referred to him, not the Antichrist. I'd go into Daniel 8, but it simply reiterates the vision in Daniel 7.
Concerning the Antichrist
This term conjures up fear in believers and it should. But the word Antichrist simply means “instead of Christ.” Thus, being against Christ ultimately makes you an Antichrist. The opposition to Christ is not bound up in a single being, but all have the potential to be Antichrists. In the early church, Gnosticism and Arianism sprung up. St. Paul referred to false gospels in Galatians. These are works or ideas that lead people astray from the true faith. The word Antichrist appears in the Epistles of St. John.
1 John 2:18-22
Children, it is the last hour; and just as you heard the antichrist was coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. Thus we know this is the last hour. They went out from us, but they were not really of our number; if they had been, they would have remained with us. This desertion shows that none of them was of our number. But you have the anointing that comes from the holy one, and you have all the knowledge. I write to you not because you do not know the truth, but because you do, and every lie is alien to the truth. Who is the liar? Whoever denies that Jesus is the Christ. Whoever denies the Father and the Son, this is the antichrist. No one who denies the Son has the Father, but whoever confesses the Son has the Father as well.
This hammers my point home. Pretty much anyone can be an Antichrist.
1 John 4:1-3
Beloved, do not trust every spirit but test the spirits to see whether they belong to God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. This is how you can know the spirit of God; every spirit that acknowledges Jesus Christ come in the flesh belongs to God, and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus does not belong to God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, as you heard, is to come, but is in fact already in the world.
Take into account when this was written and extrapolate into the present day. It's a bit of a stretch to imagine a single entity in the flesh to live that long. Those who do not speak the divine truth are not of Christ. In this case, St. John is speaking of those who don't speak the truth.
2 John 7
Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh; such is the deceitful one and the antichrist.
Again, St. John hammers at those not speaking the truth.
2 Thessalonians 2:3-5
Let no one deceive you in any way. For unless the apostasy comes first and the lawless one is revealed, the one doomed to perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god and object of worship so as to seat himself in the temple of God, claiming that he is a god – do you not recall that while I was still with you I told you these things?
This is another reference to the prophecies in Daniel that some mistakingly associate to be the Antichrist. Refer back to Daniel 7:23-25. Also:
Daniel 8:9-12
Out of one of them came a little horn which ketp growing toward the south, the east, and the glorious country. Its power extended to the host of heaven, so that it cast down to earth some of the host and some of the stars and trampled on them. It boasted even against the prince of the host, from whom it removed the daily sacrifice, and whose sanctuary it cast down, as well as the host, while sin replaced the daily sacrifice. It cast truth to the ground, and was succeeding in its undertaking.
Daniel 9:27
For one week he shall make a firm compact with the many; half the week he shall abolish sacrifice and oblation; on the temple wing shall be the horrible abomination until the ruin that is decreed is poured out upon the horror.
Daniel 11:36-37
The king shall do as he pleases, exalting himself and making himself greater than any god; he shall utter dreadful blasphemies against the God of gods. He shall prosper only till divine wrath is ready, for what is determined must take place. He shall have no regard for the gods of his ancestors or for the one in whom women delight; for no god shall he have regard, because he shall make himself greater than all.
Daniel 12:11
From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the horrible abomination is set up, there shall be one thousand, two hundred and ninety days.
Again, this is all talking about Antiochus IV, not the Antichrist. St. Paul was reminding the Thessalonians of this in his letter.
St. Paul and St. John were doing nothing different from what Jesus warned them about.
Matthew 24:23-24
If anyone says to you then, “Look, here is the Messiah!” or, “There he is!” do not believe it. False messiahs and false prophets will arise, and they will perform signs and do wonders so great as to deceive, if that were possible, even the elect.
[Continued in the next post]
Lack of Scriptural Support for End Times Theology
Many in the Christian community at large would tell you that there is a scriptural support for their views, but these usually come from passages from scripture that are taken out of context. The wikipedia article lists a few verses that ultimately fall apart when read in the larger context.
1 Corinthians 15:51-52
Behold, I tell you a mystery. We shall not all fall asleep, but we will all be changed, in an instant, in the blink of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
1 Corinthians 15 speaks not only on the Resurrection of Christ, but of the resurrection of the dead i.e. the spirit. Thus, it is rather premature to call this an example of the rapture without reading the chapter. The Resurrection is one of the cornerstones of the Christian faith, as is the resurrection of the dead. In this chapter, St. Paul reminds his followers of this and warns them against sin. Righteous behavior is rewarded (again, nothing new if you read the Gospels). Resurrection is a mystery unto itself (Christ's Resurrection being the first glorious mystery of the rosary) and it is the response to our internal struggles in life that ultimately decides our fate.
1 Thessalonians 4:15-17
Indeed, we tell you this, on the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will surely not precede those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord himself, with a word of command, with the voice of an archangel and with the trumpet of God, will come down from heaven, and the dead in Christ will rise first. The we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. Thus we shall always be with the Lord.
This seems straight out of an end times handbook. The problem with their interpretation is that it couldn't be further from what St. Paul intended the message to be. Add verses 13-14 in there and it suddenly makes more sense. St. Paul is saying that those who have died in Christ before them did not die in vain. Being that this is the tail end of chapter 4, chapter 5 speaks of vigilance. What you should essentially get from reading 1 Thessalonians is the scout's motto: be prepared. You could die at any time, so putting off leading a holy life until you are older isn't the best choice. To a Catholic, dying in a state of unrepentant mortal sin can only lead to one outcome.
Phillipians 3:21
He will change our lowly body to conform with his glorified body by the power that enables him also to bring all things into subjection to himself.
Phillipians 3:17-21 speaks of imitating Christ in your life. It ultimately is a philosophy opposed to the idea of not imitating Christ. Since the whole chapter speaks of righteousness, I fail to see how this could be used as a sign of the rapture.
John 14:2-3
In my Father's house there are many dwelling places. If there were not, would I have told you that I am going to prepare a place for you? And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back again and take you to myself, so that where I am you also may be.
Here's where at first glance, end times proponents seem to have a point. However, this is still shaky interpretation. Upon further reading of the chapter, you get to verse 6 (not that much further down either):
Jesus said to him, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”
And keep reading. It should hammer in the point that Jesus is speaking of Himself as the Savior leading us to the Kingdom of Heaven through Him. Of course, Jesus had to be crucified first, but you get the point. The end times position just doesn't hold water.
Misrepresented Prophecies of the Book of Daniel
Matthew 24:29-36
Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming upon the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send out his angels with a trumpet blast, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other. Learn a lesson from the fig tree. When its branch becomes tender and sprouts leaves, you know that the summer is near. In the same way, when you see all these things, know that he is near, at the gates. Amen, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. But of the day and hour, no one knows, neither the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone.
I know this isn't the Book of Daniel, but this one is used quite a bit. Going back to Matthew 24:15, Jesus speaks of the abomination mentioned by Daniel the prophet. But what exactly was Daniel referring to? To get a better understanding, we'll have to tackle the wider scriptures.
1 Maccabees 1:54
On the fifteenth day of the month of Chislev, in the year one hundred and forty-five, the king erected the horrible abomination upon the altar of holocausts, and in the surrounding cities of Judah they built pagan altars.
This passage refers to the actions of King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who desecrated the temple.
Daniel 12:11
From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the horrible abomination is set up, there shall be one thousand two hundred and ninety days.
Feel free to cite 1 Maccabees the next time someone tries to use this passage with the wrong intention. Daniel's prophecy is referring to King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, not the Antichrist. It stands clear that the Messiah, the Son of Man, would have to come into the world as a response to oppression. By taking a look at the history of Palestine, one finds that many different rulers have taken control of the land. Alexander the Great was responsible for the spread of Hellenism through much of the world. King Antiochus was simply attempting to Hellenize the Jews. That did not work out very well.
Jesus spoke of a time to come, but it was already upon the world. The temple would be destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. The Apostolic generation would pass away after this with the death of John, the beloved disciple.
Daniel 7:78
After this, in the visions of the night I saw the fourth beast, different from all the others, terrifying, horrible, and of extraordinary strength; it had great iron teeth with which it devoured and crushed, and what was left it trampled with its feet. I was considering the ten horns it had, when suddenly another, a little horn, sprang out of their midst, and three of the previous horns were torn away to make room for it. This horn had eyes like a man, and a mouth that spoke arrogantly.
The fourth beast is a reference to Alexander the Great, who crushed the mighty Persian Empire. The ten horns represent the ten kings of the Seleucid dynasty. And who was the little horn? King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the worst of the Seleucid kings, who usurped the throne.
Read more and you get to Daniel 7:23-25, which describes the scenario.
He answered me thus:
“The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom on earth, different from all the others; It shall devour the whole earth, beat it down, and crush it. The ten horns shall be ten kings rising out of that kingdom; another shall rise up after them, different from those before him, who shall lay low three kings. He shall speak against the Most High and oppress the holy ones of the Most High, thinking to change the feast days and the law. They shall be handed over to him for a year, two years, and a half-year.”
The persecutions of Antiochus IV are chronicled in 1 Maccabees, confirming that the prophecy in Daniel about the little horn referred to him, not the Antichrist. I'd go into Daniel 8, but it simply reiterates the vision in Daniel 7.
Concerning the Antichrist
This term conjures up fear in believers and it should. But the word Antichrist simply means “instead of Christ.” Thus, being against Christ ultimately makes you an Antichrist. The opposition to Christ is not bound up in a single being, but all have the potential to be Antichrists. In the early church, Gnosticism and Arianism sprung up. St. Paul referred to false gospels in Galatians. These are works or ideas that lead people astray from the true faith. The word Antichrist appears in the Epistles of St. John.
1 John 2:18-22
Children, it is the last hour; and just as you heard the antichrist was coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. Thus we know this is the last hour. They went out from us, but they were not really of our number; if they had been, they would have remained with us. This desertion shows that none of them was of our number. But you have the anointing that comes from the holy one, and you have all the knowledge. I write to you not because you do not know the truth, but because you do, and every lie is alien to the truth. Who is the liar? Whoever denies that Jesus is the Christ. Whoever denies the Father and the Son, this is the antichrist. No one who denies the Son has the Father, but whoever confesses the Son has the Father as well.
This hammers my point home. Pretty much anyone can be an Antichrist.
1 John 4:1-3
Beloved, do not trust every spirit but test the spirits to see whether they belong to God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. This is how you can know the spirit of God; every spirit that acknowledges Jesus Christ come in the flesh belongs to God, and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus does not belong to God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, as you heard, is to come, but is in fact already in the world.
Take into account when this was written and extrapolate into the present day. It's a bit of a stretch to imagine a single entity in the flesh to live that long. Those who do not speak the divine truth are not of Christ. In this case, St. John is speaking of those who don't speak the truth.
2 John 7
Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh; such is the deceitful one and the antichrist.
Again, St. John hammers at those not speaking the truth.
2 Thessalonians 2:3-5
Let no one deceive you in any way. For unless the apostasy comes first and the lawless one is revealed, the one doomed to perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god and object of worship so as to seat himself in the temple of God, claiming that he is a god – do you not recall that while I was still with you I told you these things?
This is another reference to the prophecies in Daniel that some mistakingly associate to be the Antichrist. Refer back to Daniel 7:23-25. Also:
Daniel 8:9-12
Out of one of them came a little horn which ketp growing toward the south, the east, and the glorious country. Its power extended to the host of heaven, so that it cast down to earth some of the host and some of the stars and trampled on them. It boasted even against the prince of the host, from whom it removed the daily sacrifice, and whose sanctuary it cast down, as well as the host, while sin replaced the daily sacrifice. It cast truth to the ground, and was succeeding in its undertaking.
Daniel 9:27
For one week he shall make a firm compact with the many; half the week he shall abolish sacrifice and oblation; on the temple wing shall be the horrible abomination until the ruin that is decreed is poured out upon the horror.
Daniel 11:36-37
The king shall do as he pleases, exalting himself and making himself greater than any god; he shall utter dreadful blasphemies against the God of gods. He shall prosper only till divine wrath is ready, for what is determined must take place. He shall have no regard for the gods of his ancestors or for the one in whom women delight; for no god shall he have regard, because he shall make himself greater than all.
Daniel 12:11
From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the horrible abomination is set up, there shall be one thousand, two hundred and ninety days.
Again, this is all talking about Antiochus IV, not the Antichrist. St. Paul was reminding the Thessalonians of this in his letter.
St. Paul and St. John were doing nothing different from what Jesus warned them about.
Matthew 24:23-24
If anyone says to you then, “Look, here is the Messiah!” or, “There he is!” do not believe it. False messiahs and false prophets will arise, and they will perform signs and do wonders so great as to deceive, if that were possible, even the elect.
[Continued in the next post]