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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import random
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 10), facecolor='#0f0f1f')
ax.set_facecolor('#0f0f1f')
ax.set_xlim(0, 12)
ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
ax.axis('off')
plt.title('Cosmic Evolution from Primordial QGP to Galaxies',
fontsize=20, color='white', pad=20, fontweight='bold')
stages = [
{"name": "Quark-Gluon Plasma",
"details": "Age: 10⁻¹²-10⁻⁶s\nTemp: >10¹²K\nFree quarks & gluons"},
{"name": "Hadronization",
"details": "Age: ~10⁻⁵s\nTemp: ~10¹²K\nQuarks → hadrons"},
{"name": "Lepton Era",
"details": "Age: 1s-1min\ne⁻/ν dominate\nPhoton scattering"},
{"name": "Nucleosynthesis",
"details": "Age: 3-20min\nForms H, He, Li\n75% H, 25% He"},
{"name": "Radiation Plasma",
"details": "Age: ~50k years\nIons + free e⁻\nOpaque universe"},
{"name": "Recombination",
"details": "Age: 380k years\nNeutral atoms\nCMB release"},
{"name": "Dark Ages",
"details": "Neutral gas\nNo light\nCosmic darkness"},
{"name": "First Stars & Galaxies",
"details": "Age: 200M-1B yr\nPop III stars\nGalaxy formation"},
{"name": "Modern Universe",
"details": "Galaxies\nHeavy elements\nSolar systems"}
]
positions = [ (1.0, 8.0), (3.5, 8.0), (5.5, 8.0), (7.5, 8.0), (9.5, 8.0), (9.5, 6.5), (9.5, 5.0), (9.5, 3.5), (9.5, 2.0)]
colors = ['#ffd1dc', '#e6e6fa', '#d1f0ff', '#d1e0ff', '#d0f0fd', '#e0f7fa', '#f0f8ff', '#ffe4b5', '#fffacd']
arrow_style = {'arrowstyle': '->', 'color': '#4cc9f0', 'lw': 2, 'alpha': 0.8}
for i in range(4):
if i == 3:
end_x = 8.7
else:
end_x = positions[i+1][0]
ax.annotate('', xy=(end_x, 8.7), xytext=(positions[0], 8.7), arrowprops=arrow_style)
ax.annotate('', xy=(8.7, 8.0), xytext=(8.7, 8.7), arrowprops=arrow_style)
vertical_y_positions = [8.0, 6.5, 5.0, 3.5, 2.0]
for i in range(1, 5):
ax.annotate('',
xy=(8.7, vertical_y_positions),
xytext=(8.7, vertical_y_positions[i-1]),
arrowprops=arrow_style)
for i, stage in enumerate(stages):
x, y = positions
box = patches.FancyBboxPatch((x-1.2, y-0.5), 2.4, 1.0,
boxstyle="round,pad=0.3,rounding_size=0.2",
ec="black", fc=colors, alpha=0.95)
ax.add_patch(box)
plt.text(x, y+0.2, stage['name'],
ha='center', va='center',
color='black', fontweight='bold', fontsize=10)
plt.text(x, y-0.2, stage['details'],
ha='center', va='center',
color='black', fontsize=9)
for _ in range(200):
x = random.uniform(0, 12)
y = random.uniform(0, 10)
size = random.uniform(1, 50)
alpha = size * 0.002
ax.scatter(x, y, s=size, c='white', alpha=alpha)
plt.text(0.7, 9.0, "EARLY UNIVERSE →", color='#f72585', fontsize=12, alpha=0.9)
plt.text(11.2, 2.0, "LATE UNIVERSE ↓", color="#ee4343", fontsize=12, rotation=0, alpha=0.9)
physics_notes = [
(2.1, 7.3, "QCD Phase Transition"),
(4.1, 7.3, "Matter Dominance"),
(6.1, 7.3, "Deuterium Bottleneck"),
(10.0, 7.3, "Thomson Scattering"),
(10.0,5.9,"Photon Decoupling"),
(10.0, 4.4,"Structure Formation"),
(10.0,2.9, "Pop III Stars"),
(10.0,1.3,"Metal Enrichment")
]
for x, y, text in physics_notes:
plt.text(x, y, text, color='#90e0ef', fontsize=9, alpha=0.9,
bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.2", fc='#1e1e2e', ec='none', alpha=0.7))
plt.text(9.5, 7.4, "▼ TRANSITION ▼",
ha='center', color='#4cc9f0', fontsize=10, alpha=0.8)
plt.text(6, 0.8, "Based on ΛCDM Cosmology | Data: Planck Satellite, WMAP",
ha='center', color='#a0a0c0', fontsize=10, alpha=0.7)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('cosmic_evolution_horizontal_to_vertical.png', dpi=300, facecolor='#0f0f1f')
plt.show()
You have so much to learn.Lepton Era - Well that is a new one on me. the photon epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe in which photons dominated the energy of the universe. My studies on photons are in the spectrometers I have operated. And the energy of the light after it passed through a prism In which each element produced its unique wavelengths. Allowing us to isolate the wavelengths of whatever element we were analyzing. The greater the intensity of the wavelengths, the greater the intensity of the element.
Photons - I see them as individual wavelengths. I never did imagine the makeup of what they call photons.
| Feature | Photon Epoch | Today (CMB) |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature (T) | ~5500 K (approx at end of epoch.) | 2.725 K |
| Peak photon energy (Eₚₑₐₖ) | ~1.3 eV (visible light range) | ~6.34 × 10⁻⁴ eV (microwave) |
| Peak wavelength (λₚₑₐₖ) | ~500 nm (green light) | ~1.9 mm |
| Peak frequency (νₚₑₐₖ) | ~700 THz | ~160 GHz |
| Typical photon energy | 0.5 – 3 eV (thermal photons) | ~0.0007 eV |
| Photon distribution type | Planck blackbody spectrum | Planck blackbody spectrum |
| Photon interactions | Frequent scattering with electrons (opaque) | Essentially no scattering (transparent) |
| Mean free path | A few centimeters to meters | Tens of billions of light-years |
| Photon density | ~10¹⁸ photons/m³ (very high) | ~4 × 10⁸ photons/m³ (lower, but dominant) |
| Photon role | Dominated universe’s energy & momentum | Still most numerous particles in universe |
That's about the judgment, the old heaven and the old earth are melted down in the lake of fire. After judgment is concluded, the New Heaven and New Earth that God has been creating is revealed at that time.Another Big Bang - The heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up. - 2 Peter 3:10
Let's create a unit of measurement and call it UU's or universal units. And let's imagine the measurement of a UU to be from one known end of our universe to another. There are possibilities of all kinds of potential big bangs waiting to happen many UU's from our known universe.From what I am seeing from the latest discoveries from the JWT is that there was no BB 14 billion years ago. Or something is very wrong with the standard model of the universe.
There are much bigger and mature galaxies existing only 300 million years after the supposed BB. But even some are saying there are mature galaxies before this even.
It looks like the universe goes on and on the same. Like its eternally mature and there is no beginning in the sense of a single point where a gradually evolving universe happens and we can see the deminishing effects back to that point.
The mass (m) = plasma (E/c2)Orange artichokes may be said to represent the cognitive equivalent of a homologous descent into despair. By recycling contrapuntal exaptations through a normal adolescence of the tennis advocate Theobold Wild, much endearment may be realised.
I'm sorry @rockytopva, but that is what many of your threads sound like to me. They are impossible to engage with and contrast strongly with your good posts that aren't underpinned by your take on E=mc^2.
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