"Day is the period of time that a portion of the earth is rotated towards the sun, and night is when it's rotated away from it."
Now, yes. Then, God had made the light before the sun, so the sun was not the measure, as it is now of a day. This created light served the purpose for the few days or so befoe the sun was made. As the earth revolved, the sunrise would have been the time when it rotated into the light. Evening, as now, when it started to face the other way. As far as some atomic process needed, since He made the thing to start with, I'm sure the cosmic light would have been fortified with all the atomic vitamins that were needed! After all I don't think He's dumb.
"God could not have "separated the light from the darkness" without the sun, because even though the earth could not exist without light, day and night would not be any different from one another without the sun--they certainly wouldn't "separate the light from the darkness"."
I think I just covered that. Where the light coming from one direction served the same purpose.
"Do you think plants were made before humans, as said in Genesis 1"
--Absolutely!! Gen 1 is the order of creation. Gen 2 goes back and brings out more detail of things that already happened. They were not being re-created, or deja vu, or a new creation, etc. Obce you understand that chap 2 is a cinch! Now if we get hung up on some aspect of what was already done in 1, then we get real confused real quick. Eve wasn't made the same time as Adam, and it foe example goes back, and fleshes out the story more. Now if we really want to get hung up we can. Just look at how the fish and animals in passing, in chap 2 were refered to as being made out of the ground. One definition of that word, is earth is "ground as earth's visible surface land, territory, country". We know that some things were made, as chap 1 says, out of the sea. here's a bit I cut from a site)--[The proper way to translate this is God had formed,...This is not the record of another creation, or a contradictory account of that given in Gen. 1, but a sub-section evidently given to reveal the intelligent genius of Adam, thus demonstrating the necessity of finding a mate for him who would partake in every way of his genius and ability, a problem that God solved by creating woman out of Adam himself
http://www.studylight.org/com/bcc/view.cgi?book=ge&chapter=2&verse=19#Ge2_19
[The Douay-Rheims Bible] ----And the Lord God having formed out of the ground all the beasts of the earth, and all the fowls of the air, brought them to Adam to see what he would call them: for whatsoever Adam called any living creature the same is its name
http://www.studylight.org/desk/?l=e...rhe&oq=ge%202:19&new=1&sr=1&nb=ge&ng=2&ncc=2]
"All of these contradictions can be avoided by not taking Genesis 1 and 2 literally, but that seems to be something you don't want to do"
No, not in this life, nor the next.
"Time exists in the universe, and the only reason it doesn't for God is that He's outside it" True time does exist in the Universe. At least in our part of it, according to this theory. Now if we think of God as being 'outside the universe' that is a pretty far away God. I think of Him as in my heart. I think of Him as close enough to answer prayers. I think of Him as having a wonderful city of gold that He will also live in, and that will soon come to our earth. Then we have all His angels, and spirit helpers, also very close by. Like our guardian angel for example. It is hard to understand time really for us at all. It is also hard to understand time not being applicable in God's tommorow-the eternal NOW!