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The office of the 12 apostles ceased in the 1st century

robert skynner

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“Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.” (Acts 1:21-22)


The word apostle simply means ‘one who is sent.’ However when I use the word apostle in this paper, I am only using it in the context of the office of the 12 apostles. Remember that the word Apostle has many applications being also applied to Jesus himself (Hebrews 3:1), or to people like Barnabus who were also called apostles but weren’t one of the 12, or even to anyone today who is commissioned by a local church to go out and to preach the Gospel. Time has taken away the apostolic office, by this I mean that the office of the 12 apostles, because in order to be a part of this office, one had to have been taught by Christ himself and to have physically have seen the risen Lord (Acts 1:22-23). So because Paul states that he also saw the risen Lord “last of all” (1st Corinthians 15:8), therefore there cannot be anyone who fulfils the apostolic office today, for it has ceased, seeing that Christ’s physical return is still a future event and so nobody has ever physically seen the risen Christ today after the apostle Paul himself was the last to witness his physical resurrection.


However, God the Father confirmed Jesus’ apostleship with signs and wonders, as Christ also then confirmed the apostleship of the 12 apostles with yet more signs and wonders (2nd Corinthians 12:12). However, Yahweh God never promises to anyone outside of these two apostolic offices that their own ministries will be confirmed with similar miracles or healings, even though by the laying on of the apostles hands, signs and wonders could then be transferred onto others (2nd Timothy 1:6), who themselves however were unable to pass the gifts onto others, as these miracles were used by God to confirm the office of the 12 apostles and never other ministries. For examples, note the example of Stephen and Phillip in Acts 8, who had to wait until the arrival of an Apostle from Jerusalem (Peter and John), before spiritual gifts could be transferred onto others, via the hands of the apostles and not of Stephen and Phillip themselves.


However, if there were people living today who still occupied the office of the 12 apostles within the modern twenty-first century Church then I believe that genuine signs and wonders would still be following them today, as signs and wonders were given by God to confirm the apostolic ministry (Mark 16:17-18 re the word ‘eleven’ at verse 14, and also 2nd Corinthians 12:12). However, since the first century, because nobody has seen the risen Christ (Acts 1:22), therefore the apostolic office has ceased and thus God is not going to confirm with signs and wonders, an office which has not existed since the death of his last apostle, namely the death of the apostle John.
 

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“Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.” (Acts 1:21-22)


The word apostle simply means ‘one who is sent.’ However when I use the word apostle in this paper, I am only using it in the context of the office of the 12 apostles. Remember that the word Apostle has many applications being also applied to Jesus himself (Hebrews 3:1), or to people like Barnabus who were also called apostles but weren’t one of the 12, or even to anyone today who is commissioned by a local church to go out and to preach the Gospel. Time has taken away the apostolic office, by this I mean that the office of the 12 apostles, because in order to be a part of this office, one had to have been taught by Christ himself and to have physically have seen the risen Lord (Acts 1:22-23). So because Paul states that he also saw the risen Lord “last of all” (1st Corinthians 15:8), therefore there cannot be anyone who fulfils the apostolic office today, for it has ceased, seeing that Christ’s physical return is still a future event and so nobody has ever physically seen the risen Christ today after the apostle Paul himself was the last to witness his physical resurrection.


However, God the Father confirmed Jesus’ apostleship with signs and wonders, as Christ also then confirmed the apostleship of the 12 apostles with yet more signs and wonders (2nd Corinthians 12:12). However, Yahweh God never promises to anyone outside of these two apostolic offices that their own ministries will be confirmed with similar miracles or healings, even though by the laying on of the apostles hands, signs and wonders could then be transferred onto others (2nd Timothy 1:6), who themselves however were unable to pass the gifts onto others, as these miracles were used by God to confirm the office of the 12 apostles and never other ministries. For examples, note the example of Stephen and Phillip in Acts 8, who had to wait until the arrival of an Apostle from Jerusalem (Peter and John), before spiritual gifts could be transferred onto others, via the hands of the apostles and not of Stephen and Phillip themselves.


However, if there were people living today who still occupied the office of the 12 apostles within the modern twenty-first century Church then I believe that genuine signs and wonders would still be following them today, as signs and wonders were given by God to confirm the apostolic ministry (Mark 16:17-18 re the word ‘eleven’ at verse 14, and also 2nd Corinthians 12:12). However, since the first century, because nobody has seen the risen Christ (Acts 1:22), therefore the apostolic office has ceased and thus God is not going to confirm with signs and wonders, an office which has not existed since the death of his last apostle, namely the death of the apostle John.
I place here that Ephesians 4:13 begins with the adverb "until" that causes the word "gave" in Ephesians 4:11 to be an ongoing action with the clause for conclusion being stipulated in Ephesians 4:13 as "when the saints are built-up to a unity of the faith, the knowledge of The Son of God, being a full-grown man having the fullness of the stature of Christ". Yet, that is not the present case today.

Anyone who believes the definition of "apostle" to describe a system of twelve-seat apostolic "office" to be in authority over churches, really does not grasp the essence of Christianity (Mark 10:42, Philippians 2:3).

After all, the sacrifice of the one man, Jesus Christ, is so that life would overflow to the many.

Above all, Romans 8:14 shows that we are provided the right to even greater authority than the title of apostle.
 
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robert skynner

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I place here that Ephesians 4:13 begins with the adverb "until" that causes the word "gave" in Ephesians 4:11 to be an ongoing action with the clause for conclusion being stipulated in Ephesians 4:13 as "when the saints are built-up to a unity of the faith, the knowledge of The Son of God, being a full-grown man having the fullness of the stature of Christ". Yet, that is not the present case today.

Anyone who believes the definition of "apostle" to describe a system of twelve-seat apostolic "office" to be in authority over churches, really does not grasp the essence of Christianity (Mark 10:42, Philippians 2:3).

After all, the sacrifice of the one man, Jesus Christ, is so that life would overflow to the many.

Above all, Romans 8:14 shows that we are provided the right to even greater authority than the title of apostle.

Firstly, I fail to grasp your point! Secondly, might I suggest that you explain scripture rather than just quoting verses such as Mark 10:42 etc. Thirdly, as for the word 'gave' at Ephesians 4:11, yes the gift of apostle applies to our own day, but as I have pointed out there are 5 or 6 different category of apostle, and one of those (the 12) required people to have been directly appointed by Christ and be witnesses of his resurrection (Acts 1:21-24). This gift cannot be for our own day, as nobody today has seen the risen Christ. But the effects of the office of the 12 are still with us today and are ongoing, it is the New Testament, which they wrote and so that (New Testament) which is the apostles testimony of Christ is still with us even today. So its the testimony of the 12 apostles which remains unto our own day. Fourthly, you are wrong to refer to 'office' as Ephesians 4:8 states of the 12: "This is why it says: "When he ascended on high, he took many captives and gave gifts to his people." So the 12 are a gift not an office, the implications of getting this wrong is Roman Catholic Apostolic Succession and hundreds of thousands (or millions) of people claiming to be apostles and prophets today (essentially teaching latter rain) within ever increasing numbers of the evangelical Church. Fifthly, I should have said 'gift' not 'office' in the title of this thread, I made a mistake. Finally, I don't know what you mean by Romans 8:14, please would you tell me how you "Serving Zion" have even greater authority than St Peter and St Paul.
 
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Serving Zion

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Firstly, I fail to grasp your point!
Hello Robert, thank you for welcoming a discussion!

Jesus said that unless our righteousness exceeds that of the Scribes and Pharisees, we will in no way enter into The Reign of the Heavens (The Kingdom of God). In saying this, He is describing that heaven's power (see John 18:36) is administered according to God's law, which is righteousness.

In Matthew 16:13-20, St. Peter expresses his trust in a revelation that came from God, that was extreme, controversial, dangerous and difficult to possess. Jesus blessed him for doing this, saying upon this rock He would build His church. The gates of hell will not prevail over it, and it will have power to bind and loose in heaven according to what is bound and loosed on earth.

In these examples, we see that the power of The Kingdom of God is not something of a political authority that is assigned by ordinance to designated roles of office, but just as Jesus said in Luke 16:16, heavenly authority is for everyone to grasp.

So, my point is that Christian authority is wholly and purely granted upon the basis of righteousness, which is acquired through humbleness and repentance (ie, obedience - see Romans 6:16), achieved by cultivating love and selflessness.

To claim an apostolic tradition (ie, some sort of system of official ordinance), is to make authority become a decree of man rather than a real manifestation of heavenly power. The problem with this, is that such authority is difficult to remove, but easy to hijack. Life provides many opportunities for leaders to be tempted away from a holy path. If the basis of a person's authority rests upon their recognised title rather than their countenance at any given time, then evil exploits that weakness when the pacified flock is unaware of the heavenly power it has, owing to it's greater righteousness than the leadership.

St. Paul acts to empower his students rather than to safe-guard himself in this way, in Galatians 1:8. Here, he acknowledges the possibility that he might one day preach a contrary gospel. Isn't that interesting? It only demonstrates that his concern for the student's faith exceeds any concern for his own reputation, and that his interest is indeed in equipping his students to exercise authority of judgement against him if they feel it is right to do so. (1 Corinthians 4:20).
Secondly, might I suggest that you explain scripture rather than just quoting verses such as Mark 10:42 etc.
If I have overestimated your understanding, I do apologise, and ask that you will patiently seek explanation. .. It seems to me that you did understand though, is that true?
Thirdly, as for the word 'gave' at Ephesians 4:11, yes the gift of apostle applies to our own day, but as I have pointed out there are 5 or 6 different category of apostle, and one of those (the 12) required people to have been directly appointed by Christ and be witnesses of his resurrection (Acts 1:21-24).
While people are distracted by such things, The Day shall come upon them as a thief (Matthew 6:19-21).
This gift cannot be for our own day, as nobody today has seen the risen Christ.
You deserve to be much more careful than this. You should only speak of definite truths. This is a flawed assumption, because if anything, it only confirms that you personally have not seen Him and that you do not believe any valid reports exist, of others who have.
But the effects of the office of the 12 are still with us today and are ongoing, it is the New Testament, which they wrote and so that (New Testament) which is the apostles testimony of Christ is still with us even today. So its the testimony of the 12 apostles which remains unto our own day.
You also have testimonies in every direction you turn, from those who also claim to know Him, having personal relationship with Him.

Can you explain for me why you are suggesting that the words of the twelve are more authoritative than words from any subsequent person? That would be useful, thank you.
Fourthly, you are wrong to refer to 'office' as Ephesians 4:8 states of the 12: "This is why it says: "When he ascended on high, he took many captives and gave gifts to his people." So the 12 are a gift not an office, the implications of getting this wrong is Roman Catholic Apostolic Succession and hundreds of thousands (or millions) of people claiming to be apostles and prophets today (essentially teaching latter rain) within ever increasing numbers of the evangelical Church.
I think we should rather find agreement here. Would you care to assess what you think our differences might be?
Fifthly, I should have said 'gift' not 'office' in the title of this thread, I made a mistake.
Well, what is done is done, and we know that He is able to work all things together for good, for those who love Him. Let's press on, because I can see good potential for interesting to happen.
Finally, I don't know what you mean by Romans 8:14, please would you tell me how you "Serving Zion" have even greater authority than St Peter and St Paul.
I have an opportunity to defend my words, which they don't. In that way, actually I find myself rather often speaking to defend theirs! On the other hand, their proximity to the culture of the original faith means that their words are very often serving to teach me.

A clear distinction must be made, that Jesus Christ is the authority of all apostles and disciples, including my own. If I do not remain in Christ, then that authority wanes.

.. Nevertheless, I do not know how my righteousness compares to any other saint's. If it helps to answer your question, then from time to time I do meet people who are able to genuinely bless and humble me, while at other times I meet those who wrongly assume the honour (Hebrews 7:7).
 
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robert skynner

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You deserve to be much more careful than this. You should only speak of definite truths. This is a flawed assumption, because if anything, it only confirms that you personally have not seen Him and that you do not believe any valid reports exist, of others who have.).

Saint Paul saw the risen Christ "last of all" at 1st Corinthians 15:6-8, therefore nobody since him has seen the risen Christ. Now as the gift of the 12 apostles, were men who had physically witnessed the literal risen Christ (Acts 1:21-24), there cannot be apostles in the sense of the 12 today, such as the Roman Catholic claim for apostolic succession, and the latter rain claim for millions of apostles (equal to Paul and Peter) today, as nobody today qualifies. I am not a Christian, but this is my understanding of the Bible as a humanist.
 
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robert skynner

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Hello Robert, thank you for welcoming a discussion!

Jesus said that unless our righteousness exceeds that of the Scribes and Pharisees, we will in no way enter into The Reign of the Heavens (The Kingdom of God). In saying this, He is describing that heaven's power (see John 18:36) is administered according to God's law, which is righteousness.

Look I am not a born-again Christian, but from my understanding of the Evangelical religion, Jesus was speaking to the lost Jews at Matthew 5:20: "For I say unto you that unless your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the Kingdom of Heaven." He is speaking in the old covenant, before the new covenant which was instituted by his death. So as I understand it, being old covenant, this is not applicable to Christians today, who are under the new covenant. Thus at Matthew 5:20 Christ is speaking to lost Jews, he was demonstrating the impossibility of salvation by keeping the law, your claim that heaven's power is administered according to God's law is nonsense, Christ's point is that salvation is impossible by keeping the law, using the law keeping scribes and pharisees as an example. I actually feel quite sorry for you Serving Zion, as your post to me was somewhat rude and ungracious, yet you fail (as those Jews did in Matthew 5), to understand that the law cannot justify us according to evangelical theology, it's only in grafting into the new covenant of Hebrews 9:13-15 which saves, by Christ's works in covenant with the Father and mediated through the Holy Spirit both declare people not guilty and impute Christ's righteous, and so we are not saved by our own efforts according to the Bible! But I guess that I'm just a piece of filth, mere dirt compared to the HOLY, self-righteous Christians who are correcting me here in this forum and elsewhere in Christian Forums, you see if you don't call yourself a Christian then you are damned, as I am damned according to many people here. Yet if you call yourself a Christian, yet oppose Christ in both word, deed and by the lack of love shown to your fellow man, then such people regard themselves as saved .... so it's all about identifying yourself with a label (labelling)!
 
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Saint Paul saw the risen Christ "last of all" at 1st Corinthians 15:6-8, therefore nobody since him has seen the risen Christ. Now as the gift of the 12 apostles, were men who had physically witnessed the literal risen Christ (Acts 1:21-24), there cannot be apostles in the sense of the 12 today, such as the Roman Catholic claim for apostolic succession, and the latter rain claim for millions of apostles (equal to Paul and Peter) today, as nobody today qualifies. I am not a Christian, but this is my understanding of the Bible as a humanist.

I was looking for your point. Is it basically the Catholic church has something wrong with the way it's doing things?
 
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robert skynner

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Can you explain for me why you are suggesting that the words of the twelve are more authoritative than words from any subsequent person? That would be useful, thank you.

The 12 were a unique gift (my use of the word 'office'in the title of this thread was possibly mistaken), as they alone were both chosen by Christ and secondly the witnesses of the risen Christ (i.e. they physically and literally saw him after his resurrection) see Acts 1:21-24. These 12 apostles wrote the New Testament, the cannon of scripture closed with them as nobody today who uses the word apostle, be it the Pope or some TV preacher with the title 'Apostle' before his name, nobody today qualifies as one of the 12, so the office of the 12 is no more. Remember that Mark and Luke although not one of the 12, accompanied Paul and Peter and so their writings are the testimony of the apostles whom they accompanied. This is of vital importance, for Paul saw the risen Christ last of all (1st Corinthians 15:6-8), if millions of people were seeing Christ throughout Christ history, then 1st Corinthians 15:8 would not be in the Bible. The Roman Catholic doctrine of Apostolic Succession, is a direct attack on the authority of the 12 apostles and their revelation (the New Testament)! The modern latter rain doctrine of modern day apostles and prophets equal to Paul and Peter, which has swept through the evangelical Churches like a wild-fire, is a similar attack on the sufficiency of scripture to this Roman Catholic doctrine, which is why evangelicals and Roman Catholics are coming together, and will no doubt unify under Rome in the last days before Christ's second coming.
 
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robert skynner

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I was looking for your point. Is it basically the Catholic church has something wrong with the way it's doing things?

No, the 12 apostles were men who firstly were appointed by Christ and secondly saw the resurrected Christ and testified of seeing his literal physical resurrection (Acts 1:21-24). That ceased in the first century, as Paul saw the resurrected Christ "last of all" (1st Corinthians 15:8). So my point is that the 12 were a unique gifting, never to be repeated, their purpose was to testify (via the new testament) of Christ's literal, physical resurrection, which modern day (claimed) apostles such as the Pope, TV Preachers who call themselves apostles and Mormon apostles cannot do.
 
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Serving Zion

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Look I am not a born-again Christian, but from my understanding of the Evangelical religion, Jesus was speaking to the lost Jews at Matthew 5:20: "For I say unto you that unless your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the Kingdom of Heaven." He is speaking in the old covenant, before the new covenant which was instituted by his death. So as I understand it, being old covenant, this is not applicable to Christians today, who are under the new covenant. Thus at Matthew 5:20 Christ is speaking to lost Jews, he was demonstrating the impossibility of salvation by keeping the law, your claim that heaven's power is administered according to God's law is nonsense, Christ's point is that salvation is impossible by keeping the law, using the law keeping scribes and pharisees as an example. I actually feel quite sorry for you Serving Zion, as your post to me was somewhat rude and ungracious, yet you fail (as those Jews did in Matthew 5), to understand that the law cannot justify us according to evangelical theology, it's only in grafting into the new covenant of Hebrews 9:13-15 which saves, by Christ's works in covenant with the Father and mediated through the Holy Spirit both declare people not guilty and impute Christ's righteous, and so we are not saved by our own efforts according to the Bible! But I guess that I'm just a piece of filth, mere dirt compared to the HOLY, self-righteous Christians who are correcting me here in this forum and elsewhere in Christian Forums, you see if you don't call yourself a Christian then you are damned, as I am damned according to many people here. Yet if you call yourself a Christian, yet oppose Christ in both word, deed and by the lack of love shown to your fellow man, then such people regard themselves as saved .... so it's all about identifying yourself with a label (labelling)!
Robert, you are not speaking with authority to represent Jesus Christ and you are opposing me. You have made unsubstantiated assumptions which are false, and have not applied fair effort to receive my words as they are given.

Therefore you are opposing the truth, and you are speaking words that oppose Jesus Christ, for which you cannot escape giving answer to (Hebrews 9:27). Each of us will stand before Him for judgement.

While saying this, I recognise of you, that you are not consciously opposed to Jesus Christ as some. Rather, you probably still have good grounds for finding His approval (eg Zechariah 1:3-4). I do encourage that you will consider Jesus is for you, and is anticipating much regret of those who have represented Him unfaithfully, their actions against you having truly harmed you, for which they cannot escape conviction.

I will leave the conversation at this point.
 
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robert skynner

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Robert, you are not speaking with authority to represent Jesus Christ and you are opposing me. You have made unsubstantiated assumptions which are false, and have not applied fair effort to receive my words as they are given.

Therefore you are opposing the truth, and you are speaking words that oppose Jesus Christ, for which you cannot escape giving answer to (Hebrews 9:27). Each of us will stand before Him for judgement.

While saying this, I recognise of you, that you are not consciously opposed to Jesus Christ as some. Rather, you probably still have good grounds for finding His approval (eg Zechariah 1:3-4). I do encourage that you will consider Jesus is for you, and is anticipating much regret of those who have represented Him unfaithfully, their actions against you having truly harmed you, for which they cannot escape conviction.

I will leave the conversation at this point.

Christians never answer straight questions. The Apostles not I have authority to represent Christ, after all I am not even a born again Christian myself, these apostles wrote the New Testament, if apostles (as in the office of the 12) are still for today, then the canon of Scripture can be added to, and the Bible is not complete, because apostles (of the 12) are still speaking today, this of course is Roman catholic doctrine (called Apostolic Succession) which has taken over the protestant world via Pentecostals and Charismatics.

Fact: the 12 were directly appointed by Christ himself and were witnesses his resurrection (Acts 1:21-23).

Fact: Paul saw the resurrected Christ last of all (1st Corinthians 15:8), so the 12 closed with him.

Fact: Apostle means one who is sent, so whilst i would agree to about 5 or 6 different categories of apostle, and that in one sense we still have them today, they are also called missionaries or evangelists and they are sent with
the authority of a body of believers (church), the 12 ceased in the first century and are no more.

A REQUEST: PLEASE STOP ASKING ME PERSONAL QUESTIONS, MY FAITH OR LACK OF IT IS NONE OF YOUR BUSINESS, I CHOOSE TO KEEP IT THAT WAY. I DO NOT HAVE TO SHARE MY PERSONAL BELIEFS WITH STRANGERS WHOM I NEITHER TRUST NOR RESPECT.
 
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Christians never answer straight questions. The Apostles not I have authority to represent Christ, after all I am not even a born again Christian myself, these apostles wrote the New Testament, if apostles (as in the office of the 12) are still for today, then the canon of Scripture can be added to, and the Bible is not complete, because apostles (of the 12) are still speaking today, this of course is Roman catholic doctrine (called Apostolic Succession) which has taken over the protestant world via Pentecostals and Charismatics.

That's not Apostolic Succesion, Apostolic Succession is the historic belief that the apostles appointed bishops to continue to serve in a pastoral function in the churches; as such the bishops of the Church can trace their succession back to the apostles.

1. A bishop is not an apostle.
2. Just because something was written by an apostle would not make it Canonical Scripture. If we found some long lost letter composed by St. Paul it wouldn't be canonical, it cannot be, that isn't how canonicity works.
3. Whether or not the Canon of Scripture is closed or not is a matter of debate and depends on who you ask; the reason for this involves a great deal of history and the historic debates over the Deuterocanonicals and Antilegomena. The case is considered closed by, for example, Roman Catholics as the Council of Trent set to rest that question as far as Rome is concerned, and most Protestants largely follow Luther's translation and have defined in their own confessional texts the precise limits of the Canon--either regarding the Deuterocanonicals as "Apocrypha" or simply excluding them altogether, but at this point it's important to point out that Lutheranism has no official position, in Lutheranism the Canon is, technically, open--in that the question of the Deuterocanonicals is not a settled one, and technically there is still an important distinction to be made between Homolegomena and Antilegomena (doctrine can not be established by Antilegomena, strictly speaking, which is why for example the Epistle of Jude cannot be used to defend the Book of Enoch as authoritative).

The historic Churches understand that the apostolic "office" existed when it did for a specific purpose, but that the apostolic ministry is retained in the Church, exercised through the pastorate (bishops and presbyters). The notion of "modern day apostles" which you find in some Charismatic circles has precisely no similarity with the historic Christian belief in Apostolic Succession. None of the historic Churches and those which retain the Historic Episcopate believe in modern day apostles. None.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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Peter1000

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No, the 12 apostles were men who firstly were appointed by Christ and secondly saw the resurrected Christ and testified of seeing his literal physical resurrection (Acts 1:21-24). That ceased in the first century, as Paul saw the resurrected Christ "last of all" (1st Corinthians 15:8). So my point is that the 12 were a unique gifting, never to be repeated, their purpose was to testify (via the new testament) of Christ's literal, physical resurrection, which modern day (claimed) apostles such as the Pope, TV Preachers who call themselves apostles and Mormon apostles cannot do.
Have you ever approached a Mormon apostle and asked him face to face if he has had a Paul-like encounter with Jesus Christ. You know that Jesus could appear to men in our age if he wishes to.

The addition of Matthias, by revelation from Jesus and by lots of the other 11 apostles, and the addition of Paul by visual revelation from Jesus, would debunk the idea that the original 12 apostles were a unique gift, never to be repeated again.

There were other men in the bible, such as Barnabus (Acts 14:14) that were added too, as the original 12 were murdered, one by one. We are not sure how many were actually added, as the original apostles fell, but we do know some of their names.

So again, the idea that the original apostles were a unique gift, never to be repeated, is true in one respect, Jesus was not going to come to earth and handpick 12 apostles again, but that the office/gift of the apostleship ceased after the original 12 + Paul is a false doctrine.
 
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Peter1000

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That's not Apostolic Succesion, Apostolic Succession is the historic belief that the apostles appointed bishops to continue to serve in a pastoral function in the churches; as such the bishops of the Church can trace their succession back to the apostles.

1. A bishop is not an apostle.
2. Just because something was written by an apostle would not make it Canonical Scripture. If we found some long lost letter composed by St. Paul it wouldn't be canonical, it cannot be, that isn't how canonicity works.
3. Whether or not the Canon of Scripture is closed or not is a matter of debate and depends on who you ask; the reason for this involves a great deal of history and the historic debates over the Deuterocanonicals and Antilegomena. The case is considered closed by, for example, Roman Catholics as the Council of Trent set to rest that question as far as Rome is concerned, and most Protestants largely follow Luther's translation and have defined in their own confessional texts the precise limits of the Canon--either regarding the Deuterocanonicals as "Apocrypha" or simply excluding them altogether, but at this point it's important to point out that Lutheranism has no official position, in Lutheranism the Canon is, technically, open--in that the question of the Deuterocanonicals is not a settled one, and technically there is still an important distinction to be made between Homolegomena and Antilegomena (doctrine can not be established by Antilegomena, strictly speaking, which is why for example the Epistle of Jude cannot be used to defend the Book of Enoch as authoritative).

The historic Churches understand that the apostolic "office" existed when it did for a specific purpose, but that the apostolic ministry is retained in the Church, exercised through the pastorate (bishops and presbyters). The notion of "modern day apostles" which you find in some Charismatic circles has precisely no similarity with the historic Christian belief in Apostolic Succession. None of the historic Churches and those which retain the Historic Episcopate believe in modern day apostles. None.

-CryptoLutheran
A bishop is not an apostle. Apostles ordained bishops and gave them their power to supervise and grow the church in their area only, not to all the world, that was the job of the apostles. Apostles ordained apostles, and they ordained bishops. In the bible you never read that bishops ordained bishops. Bishops did not have the authority or power to ordain other bishops. Only the apostle had that power and authority, per the bible, not the Mormons.

Before even the last apostle died, the churches were taking this power unto themselves and the people, not an apostle, chose the bishop, and when convenient, 3 bishops from neighboring areas came and ordained the new bishop rather than an existing apostle laying his hands on the new bishop and giving him his power. The way the bible gave us to appoint a new bishop, was superceeded by the people choosing and already existing bishops ordaining. This is a political conundrum, and a very sandy foundation, hence not the way biblical bishops were ordained.

The reason that none of the historic Churches and those which retain the Historic Episcopate believe in modern day apostles is the same reason that the apostles in the first century were allowed to be killed off. The bishops eventually did not want the apostles to come and interfere with their practices anciently, and they are not wanted today. Therefore, none have present day living apostles. That is not something to be proud of.

The existing framework of bishops ruling over one area or as many areas as they can reach out and grab, with their thrones and all the riches and all the pomp and ceremony, was not, and would not be tolerated by the true apostles of Jesus Christ.
 
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Ron Gurley

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There is NO "office" OF!

DEFINITION:...PERIOD!

Luke 22:14
When the hour had come, He reclined at the table, and the apostles with Him.

the apostles...Greek 652...apostolos...
I.a delegate, MESSENGER, one sent forth with orders
A.specifically applied to the twelve apostles of Christ
B.in a broader sense applied to other eminent Christian TEACHERS
i.of Barnabas (Paul's companion)
ii.of Timothy and Silvanus
 
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TLK Valentine

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Indeed -- seeing as how Paul considered himself an apostle, but obviously not one of the Twelve, it would seem that there's more than just an "office" of 12 apostles -- "The Twelve" seems more of an honorary title, a reference to the twelve tribes, whereas an "apostle" can be anyone who preached or taught with Jesus' authority.

Jesus could have had any number of "apostles," but "The Twelve" had to be twelve. After all, Matthias was chosen by lot over Barsabbas to replace Judas (Acts 1:26); maintaining the number "12" was so important that it literally came down to a coin toss, and yet both these men (and who knows how many more) were clearly considered apostles.
 
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TLK Valentine

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How many of the original "commissoned "12 became "missionaries" like Paul or had their writings "circulated" like John and James and Peter (through Mark) and Matthew?

Well, considering Judas Iscariot, there's at least one who never did either...

And who exactly were the original Twelve? My understanding is that the naming gets a little fuzzy in spots from Gospel to Gospel...
 
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Ron Gurley

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Mark 3 (NASB) The Twelve Are Chosen (includes Judas Iscariot #12, who betrayed Him)
13 And He went up on the mountain and summoned those whom He Himself wanted, and they came to Him.
14 And He appointed twelve, so that they would be with Him and that He could send them out to preach,
15 and to have authority to cast out the demons. 16 And He appointed the twelve:
1. Simon (to whom He gave the name Peter), 17 and
2.A James, the son of Zebedee, and
3.B John the brother of James (to them He gave the name Boanerges, which means, “Sons of Thunder”); 18 and
4. Andrew, and
5. Philip, and
6. Bartholomew, and
7. Matthew, and
8. Thomas, and
9. James the son of Alphaeus, and
10. Thaddaeus, and
11. Simon the Zealot; 19 and
12. Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.


Acts 1:13...after the "Last Supper", Judas Iscariot GONE! = 11 !!
When they had entered the city, they went up to the "upper room" (DISCOURSE in John 7-17??) where they were staying;
that is,
Peter and
John and
James and
Andrew,
Philip and
Thomas,
Bartholomew and
Matthew,
James the son of Alphaeus, and
Simon the Zealot, and
Judas the son of James.


Acts 1:23, 26
So they put forward two men, Joseph called Barsabbas (who was also called Justus), and
Matthias.
And they drew lots for them, and the lot fell to Matthias; and he was added to the eleven apostles. (=12! AGAIN)
 
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