We generally divide the law into ceremonial and moral. It should also be noted that there are some other kinds of laws which really don’t fit neatly in that category either.
A. National laws for the nation of Israel. These would be those laws that related to the governance of Israel as a theocracy. They are applications of moral law in a particular setting. Examples include the establishment of cities of refuge, etc.
B. Covenant stipulations. Some laws were not enduring moral principles, but they did not directly point toward the Christ event either. These were stipulations for the covenant itself, defining the relationship of God to His people. For instance, the covenant curses and blessings are not moral laws as such. They are rewards or punishments within the covenant agreement when the other stipulations were broken.
It is to this latter group, the covenant stipulations, that the Sabbath may fit most closely.
I'm starting this as a new topic so as not to sidetrack the Suzerainty Covenants thread, but I wanted to address a couple of points.
The Torah is one law. It could be that different aspects of it were given for different reasons, but still it's presented as a whole, and Jesus fulfilled all of it:
MT 5:17 "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. 18 I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.
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GAL 3:19 What, then, was the purpose of the law? It was added because of transgressions until the Seed to whom the promise referred had come. The law was put into effect through angels by a mediator. 20 A mediator, however, does not represent just one party; but God is one.
GAL 3:21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. 22 But the Scripture declares that the whole world is a prisoner of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.
GAL 3:23 Before this faith came, we were held prisoners by the law, locked up until faith should be revealed. 24 So the law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law.
The whole law was given to lead us to Christ. Also, what do you make of Colossians 2, which does seem to indicate that the Sabbath, along with other holy days, which Adventists usually see as ceremonial, pointed directly toward Christ?GAL 3:21 Is the law, therefore, opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law. 22 But the Scripture declares that the whole world is a prisoner of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.
GAL 3:23 Before this faith came, we were held prisoners by the law, locked up until faith should be revealed. 24 So the law was put in charge to lead us to Christ that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law.
Colossians 2:16 Therefore no one is to act as your judge in regard to food or drink or in respect to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath day-- 17 things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Christ. (NASB)