I think in order to answer this question some qualification is needed. I am going to interpret "best" as the top in: originality, impact and profundity.
The first triumvirate is:
1) Aristotle
2) Plato
3) Kant
Second Order thinkers
4) Hegel
5) Plotinus
6) Descartes
7) Augustine*
8) Aquinas*
9) Locke
10) Hume
Not enough time has past to allow Twentieth Century thinkers ranking within the larger Tradition, however the two most influential within the Twentieth Century are Heidegger and Wittgenstein.
*These are more formally theologians, but are included because of their interpretive originality and impact on Western Thought.
The first triumvirate is:
1) Aristotle
2) Plato
3) Kant
Second Order thinkers
4) Hegel
5) Plotinus
6) Descartes
7) Augustine*
8) Aquinas*
9) Locke
10) Hume
Not enough time has past to allow Twentieth Century thinkers ranking within the larger Tradition, however the two most influential within the Twentieth Century are Heidegger and Wittgenstein.
*These are more formally theologians, but are included because of their interpretive originality and impact on Western Thought.
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