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They are both referred to in the same book review. In the 1800 election Jefferson and Burr received the same number of votes - apparently because some Republican electors forgot to vote for someone other than Burr. The 12th amendment was brought in to avoid such an impasse in the future caused by the tied vote.
Yes. Originally the electors would each cast two votes and the person with the most votes would become President with a contingent election if nobody won an outright majority, and second place going to vice President. With the first two elections there was no question who the President would be and VP didn't matter much because it was before the real development of American political parties.
Different Republicans. The party that we now call Democratic-Republicans were simply known as Republicans to contemporaries, though there is no direct link to modern Republicans. Though interestingly enough, both modern major political parties can be traced to them.
The two parties have opposite opinions about everything.In the 1790s and early 1800s, senators divided into rival parties based on support of and opposition to the policies of presidents George Washington and John Adams, especially regarding foreign relations with Great Britain and France and the role of the federal government. Party labels were very fluid at this time, but for the most part supporters of Washington and Adams adopted the label Federalists, while the opposition, led by Thomas Jefferson, became known as Democratic Republicans (many preferred the one-word label, Republicans)
