Socialism as a voluntary association of people who share a common goal is one thing and compatible with God's word.
We are talking about a system of government. No form of government is voluntary. However, it may be democratic.
The question is whether the government (whatever its form) governs according to the will of God.
Socialism as a compulsory economic/government institution is NOT compatible with God's word at all. The latter does use force to confiscate the bread of a man's labor against his will and then use it in ways that he may find foolish, wasteful or even harmful to his fellow man.
That is not peculiar to socialism. Many Americans today find the way Congress chooses to spend their taxes foolish, wasteful and harmful to themselves and their fellows.
God however is not a socialist of the coercive economic/government model.
Given that God commanded the theocratic government of Israel to collect tithes and also commanded that 1/3 of the tithes collected be distributed to the poor of the land, I find your perspective rather difficult to justify.
He clearly tells His followers to "seek first the kingdom of God, AND HIS RIGHTEOUSNESS" and THEN the things we need will be added to us.
Just what do you think it means to seek the kingdom of God? It means to see that the commands of God on social order are implemented: commands that clearly demand attention to the needs and rights of the poor by those in authority.
Further, how can people reach their full potential when they have a master in government which dictates so much about how the wealth they create is used, how the businesses they own are to be run, how their children are to be educated and so forth?
You are creating a straw man to knock down.
I don't know of anything in socialist policy that would put a cap on how much wealth anyone can create, as long as they do no harm in the process.
All governments of every stripe make regulations on how businesses are run. After all, if one didn't, there would be no defence against crime-funded businesses. And for reasons of health and safety, it is only common-sense to demand that certain standards be kept in such matters as food production, construction and so on.
When governments fund schools they have the right to set the curriculum. But that doesn't stop a family that disagrees from opting for a private school or for home-schooling, so there is no restriction on how to educate your children.
How can anyone reach their full potential if, due to poverty, they suffered malnutrition during early childhood when their brain was developing? How can anyone reach their full potential when their parents have to work 2-3 jobs and have no time to see to their social, mental and spiritual development? How can anyone reach their full potential when they are denied a living wage for their labour?
How does a non-socialist government see to it that people are not deprived of fulfilling their potential by the impact of extreme poverty?
So the socialists might like to believe but this is not true.
You have obviously not studied the views and philosophy of Christian socialism. So you have no basis on which to say it is not true.
The poor do not have an inherent 'right' to the wealth of others
And others do not have a right to the goods and persons of the poor.
This is what Jesus and the prophets before him, and the law of Moses, and the admonishments to kings and other authorities in scripture are about.
Consider what Jesus says of the scribes in Luke 20:47 or how he condemns the practice of the Pharisees and lawyers in Luke 11:42 & 46 or again in Matthew 15:5-7.
Jesus is not talking about giving the poor a right to another's goods, but about restoring their own goods to them which have been taken away by the force of abusive power---much as many Americans in these last few years have seen their homes and savings taken away from them by the fraudulent practices of the rich.
Or as one mother on welfare once told us: "I don't want your money. But I want to keep what I have earned." (She was speaking of how so much is deducted from her welfare cheque when she works that it isn't worth it to work. But, like most people on assistance, she wants to work, she wants to support herself. She wants to live with the dignity of financial independence.)
When empires of wealth are founded on the oppression and exploitation of the poor, they are not legitimate and the poor have the right to take back what was stolen from them through injustice--including legalized injustice.
Jesus' preaching on charity and doing unto the least of these deals with how we should treat those in need, it was not intended to suggest the poor could forcibly TAKE what they wanted from those who are better off ... it is better to be poor but holy than better off and sinful.
It is a category mistake to confuse socialist government policies with charity. Socialism is not about charity. It is about justice--especially the protection of the poor from the depredations of the wealthy. It is about protecting the right of the poor to have a home and food on the table either though a decently-paying job or, if necessary, through public assistance. It is about protecting the right of the poor to improve themselves through freely-available education. It is about protecting the right of the poor to prosecute a slum landlord who doesn't maintain the property. It is about protecting the right of the poor to be treated with dignity no matter what their gender, skin colour, age, or national origin.
The bible doesn't speak of the middle-class because no middle-class as such existed in ancient times, but much that it says about protecting the rights of the poor can apply to the middle-class as well. So we can include such things as protecting a prosperous middle-class town from invasion by a corporation which runs their businesses into bankruptcy. Or fouls their water-supply with fracking. Or destroys their livelihoods (as many along the Gulf coast have experienced) with major oil spills and little to no compensation.
These things are not matters of charity; they are matters of justice, and a responsibility of governing authorities which they ignore at the peril of God's judgment on them and their nation.
And how does this passage in any way justify society forcibly taking the bread of one man's labor and giving it to another?
Again, you set up a straw man. What you are describing has nothing to do with socialism.
Socialism is more about the poor man being able to keep his own bread and not have to fork it over to the rich in order to pay his rent or purchase needed medicine. It is about making sure the poor man gets paid enough for his labour that he can purchase bread in the first place. And pay his rent and get what health care he needs. And send his children to school and get shoes for them to wear.
That is the sort of justice socialism is about.
And it is not inconsistent with capitalism either.
You can have a country in which wealth is generated by capital enterprises that also attends to the needs and rights of the poor as commanded in scripture.