InnerPhyre said:
Actually the woman clothed with the sun is the Church, not the Blessed Mother. The Assumption occured long after the events in the Gospels or Epistles though, so....
The woman can be both, as well as representing Israel and perhaps other things. I'm pretty sure this is one of the verses the Church has pronounced on, using it as Scriptural support for the Assumption. I know it's often used in scriptural Rosaries for the last two glorious mysteries, and it's also read in the Office for the feast of the Immaculate Conception. In the new Mass, it's the first reading for the Assumption; in the TLM, it's the introit . From this, it's pretty clear the Church believes the woman to be Mary, although she can have other meanings, too, since the Apocalypse is meant not just for John's specific audience but for all men of all times and places.
The reading makes it a bit clearer, because the last verse of chapter 11 should probably go with chapter 12:
19 And the temple of God was opened in heaven: and the ark of his testament was seen in his temple. And there were lightnings and voices and an earthquake and great hail. 1 And a great sign appeared in heaven: A woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars. 2 And being with child, she cried travailing in birth: and was in pain to be delivered.
Just as the "ark of his testament" (in the NAB, "of his covenant") bore the Old Covenant, the Ten Commandments and the Law, so too did Mary bear the New Covenant, Jesus.
In the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, she is depicted with the sun behind her and standing on the moon.
If you've ever wondered why statues of Mary often depict her with a snake at her feet, that's Genesis 3:15. This is the first reading at the new Mass on the Immaculate Conception. In the old rite, it's read as the first three lessons at Matins.
"I will put enmities between thee [the serpent] and the woman, and thy seed and her seed: she shall crush thy head, and thou shalt lie in wait for her heel."