Our little one started around 9 months doing that. It was INSANE.
We got down on his level, or brought him to ours and told him that under no circumstances were those actions we would tolerate. Screaming/temper tantrum were not allowed if you did not like what you were told. When mommy/daddy say "come here", you come here... if we say "Hot!" do not touch.. etc.
It took TONS of consistancy, and it still does.
I was having to get on to him today while he was in the playroom/bedroom while my DH was asleep... I'd ask what he was doing, and if he was supposed to. Everytime he knew he was not, he walked away, stomped his feet and screamed or cried.
If fits continue, we start with "sit by/with mommy" and if that deteriorates into a fit, one goes into the crib/playpen (no toys)... and when we can act like ourselves again and are reasonable - we can come out and apologise.
Choices are few "Are you hungry?" (yes/no), "Do you want to eat?" (yes/no) "Will you come here so I can pick you up?" (yes/no).. and if he doesn't come, I can't/won't get him.
Little ones get really overwhelmed if there is more than two options..
If my LO doesn't want to eat something on his plate, we have a "no throw" policy. It goes BACK on the plate, or the plate is taken away until later when we mean business about our meal.
I am asked about 200 times a day "Little boy take a bath?" since we had really hot weather and that was our main cool-off method... and the answer every time is "no, not now". Well, at almost 15 months - he's not going to remember in 1-2 hours that he already asked... so I'm asked again "Bath? Little boy take a bath?"
Today the answer was "after your nap". He asked and asked up until his nap... every 30 minutes sometimes.. "No, after your nap you can. The sooner you sleep, the sooner you bathe." And after his nap, he got a bath.
Apparently "cake" is tied to "birthday" - so I'm asked often if "we/little boy have birthday?" - last week he was so fixated on having cake (I guess it has been 2 months since we had any), and I didn't figure out exactly how it tied in since we have no birthdays for another 2 weeks... when my mom asked if maybe he just meant 'cake'.
Easy solution - he asked and I said "after lunch I will make some cake. You can have it, IF you eat lunch".
I made the cake. He picked at his plate and took a nap. He woke up and asked about "birthday" and I told him his lunch was still waiting.. He ate it, and afterwards I reminded him and he got cake.
"Little boy birthday?"
No, this is a regular every day cake, but it is yours. You can have this cake now.
I remember 9-10 months being the absolute hardest because he would refuse to talk some weeks, partly due to the changes in his environment, partly due to developmental changes, and some due to sheer stubbornness. We had to insist that he learn how to sign "milk" so I knew he was hungry. We began asking him due to his teething, if he was in pain - to discourage the tantrums and screaming fits... eventually he started saying "'ain" (pain) and sometimes "medizin"... We knew usually then to check the time and see if it was time for more medicine, or if we had to wait.
What made it 100 times worse, was how sick I was with my pregnancy while all of this went on. Without help from my parents - I wouldn't have made it through to 13 months. I was too sick and weak to manage most days.
Now we're doing ok, but consistancy is absolutely the key.
As far as time out goes, it only would last about 1 minute if that long with a child of 9-18 months of age. They pretty much do something and forget why they're in trouble within that space of time.
With much consistancy, they remember not to do something, even shake their heads "no" - but may still go through with whatever it was that is "no".
I can tell in one of two ways that we've met trouble - either silence when there was noise before... or seeing his head shaking no while he's engaged in whatever it is..
Soon as I say for him to come back or "leave that!" - I see him jump up and come running... sometimes not so fast, but you realise things are starting to sink in.
Usually it takes until closer to 18 months for "yes" and "no" to really sink in as a value of something rather than an abstract concept... which is why it is so important to either babyproof, or be ready to be up and down all day long reinforcing what you want to stick.