"The Discipline Book" by William and Martha Sears touches on this a little bit, giving examples of "natural consequences, They give examples like this:
"Age: 6 Child's Choice: Late for baseball practice Parents guidance: 'You have 15 minutes' consequence: sits out next game for being late"
As far as touching a hot stove though, I think that's taking it too far. As a parent it is first and foremost your job to keep your child safe, and if they are doing something dangerous, it is your job to move them out of harms way. That's a huge reason why kids need parents, to protect them from harm. In that case there IS a natural consequence, which is the child being taken away from the stove.
You can't force a child to eat either, but to make tehm go hungry would be negligent and cruel. Children will rarely starve themselves. If they refuse to eat their dinner, wrap it up and put it in the fridge and then take it out for them when they are hungry. It's important for a child to listen to their body when it comes to food, to eat when they're hungry and stop when they're full. It's a parents job to make sure that their child is eating healthy foods.
I think as far as hitting goes the best thing NOT to do is hit (spank) the child back. It sends the opposite message that you're trying to get across (i.e. you can't show that hitting is bad by using more hitting). Probably the best thing to do in that case is to reiterate first and foremost that "we don't hit" and do take a few minutes of "time out". time out isn't necessarily a punishment, but a chance for the child to cool off and calm down. after they're calm, talk about why we don't hit (it isn't nice, it makes people sad, it hurts, etc.)