why do two genuinely Spirit-filled believers come to differing interpretations of the Bible and theology? Related to this, why do genuinely Spirit-filled believers seem to come to interpretations that are objectively wrong? How does the Holy Spirit guide believers into truth and what role do reason, study, and Biblical scholarship play in all of this?
Many examples of that in the NT and in almost all of them no supposedly infallible church council meets to decide the matter.
John 16:
“These things I have spoken to you so that you will not be led into sin. 2 They will ban you from the synagogue, yet an hour is coming for
everyone who kills you to think that he is offering a service to God.
Phil 3:4 although I myself
could boast as having confidence even in the flesh. If anyone else thinks he is confident in the flesh, I
have more
reason: 5 circumcised the eighth day, of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the Law, a Pharisee; 6
as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to the righteousness which is in the Law, found blameless.
Matt 16:
21 From that time Jesus began to point out to His disciples that it was necessary for Him to go to Jerusalem and to suffer many things from the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and to be killed, and to be raised up on the third day. 22 And
yet Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, “God forbid it, Lord! This shall never happen to You!” 23 But He turned and
said to Peter, “
Get behind Me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to Me; for you are not setting your mind on God’s purposes, but men’s.”
Acts 15:
36 After some days
Paul said to Barnabas, “Let’s return and visit the brothers
and sisters in every city in which we proclaimed the word of the Lord,
and see how they are.” 37 Barnabas wanted to take John, called Mark, along with them also. 38 But Paul was of the opinion that they should not take along with them this man who had deserted them in Pamphylia and had not gone with them to the work. 39
Now it turned into such a sharp disagreement that they separated from one another, and Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus. 40 But Paul chose Silas, and left after being entrusted by the brothers to the grace of the Lord. 41 And he was traveling through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.
Gal 2:11 But when
Cephas came to Antioch,
I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. 12 For prior to the coming of some men from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he
began to withdraw and separate himself, fearing those from the circumcision. 13
The rest of the Jews joined him in hypocrisy, with the result that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy.
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Christ slam-hammers the supposedly infallible nation-church tradition and councils of his day - this way
Mark 7:
6 But He said to them, “Rightly did Isaiah prophesy about you hypocrites, as it is written:
‘This people honors Me with their lips,
But their heart is far away from Me.
7 And in vain do they worship Me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’
8
Neglecting the commandment of God, you hold to the
tradition of men.”
9 He was also saying to them, “You are experts at
setting aside the commandment of God in order to keep
your tradition. 10
For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother’; and, ‘The one who speaks evil of father or mother, is certainly to be put to death’; 11
but you say, ‘If a person says to his father or his mother, whatever I have that would help you is Corban (that is, given
to God),’ 12 you no longer allow him to do anything for
his father or
his mother; 13
thereby invalidating the word of God by
your tradition which you have
handed down; and you do many things such as that.”
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Acts 15 is a great example of a church council ordained by God that does settle a sharp dispute in the church - but as we see in the examples above - that is not how they all are settled -- in many cases we see one person involved in the correction rather than an entire church council and that includes one person in Mark 7 hammering nation-church tradition.