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Most people think Catholics made up this concept of purgatory (or a purging purifying fire that refines the soul and prepares one for the glory of heaven) and prayers for the dead in purgatory. The truth is St. Paul talked about this purgatorial fire in 1 Cor 3:10-15, Church fathers and great saints like St. Augustine also talked about this , and Jewish sources were the first to see this in the OT and Jewish tradition as the Jewish encyclopedia shows.
"Rabbi Yose says: (At Judgment) those altogether righteous shall not be put through a purgatory; those altogether wicked shall not be put through a purgatory. Who then will be put through a purgatory? Those betwixt and between... The School of Shammai says:Those betwixt and between shall go down into Gehenna, be purged there, be singed, and come up therefrom; as it is said, “And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will
refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried” (Zechariah 13:9).(Aboth de Rabbi Nathan 41; trans. R. Goldin)"
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12446-purgatory
"Rabbi Yose says: (At Judgment) those altogether righteous shall not be put through a purgatory; those altogether wicked shall not be put through a purgatory. Who then will be put through a purgatory? Those betwixt and between... The School of Shammai says:Those betwixt and between shall go down into Gehenna, be purged there, be singed, and come up therefrom; as it is said, “And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will
refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried” (Zechariah 13:9).(Aboth de Rabbi Nathan 41; trans. R. Goldin)"
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12446-purgatory