For starters, you seem to be highly fixated on physical traits. In fact, what we refer to as different dog breeds or human 'races' are really just an artificial labels we assign to arbitrary collections of physical characteristics. It's just for the sake of categorization to make things easier to identify. But when you look at the reality in populations of species, things are far less distinct. This is especially apparent with people, because when you start to examine the so-called races, you tend to see more of a continuum of physical characteristics rather than hard divisions.
Don’t give me that when you don’t even believe your own rhetoric. There is nothing with those finches that allow you to classify them as separate species. Nothing but those arbitrary physical differences you claim I am the one that is fixated on. Yet despite those arbitrary physical differences in finches, dogs and humans, I’m not the one hung up on those differences. I recognize despite the physical differences they are each the same species in their respective class. It’s instead you that seems to be hung up on those physical differences. After all, it was mere physical differences which made them classify the Triceratops a separate species from the Torosaurus, even if one was merely a sub adult and the other the adult.
It's similar with dog breeds, although those are more of an example of extreme artificial selection. People bred dogs for various reasons throughout history and at some point slapped an arbitrary label on a particular set of physical traits. This is where your Mastiffs and Huskies and other breeds came from.
And those arbitrary labels, which don’t fit the way any other animal is labeled, still designate them all as the same species. I have no complaints at all if you wish to label them correctly as different subspecies instead of breeds. Or in the case of humans subspecies instead of races. But hey why classify things correctly when it comes to these two.
With respect to the underyling genetics, all organisms carry unique genetic code which is termed its genotype. Expression of said genotype results in an organism's phenotype (its physical characteristics). The genotype consists of various individual genes. Varients of genes are termed alleles.
And those finch genotypes are so mixed from interbreeding, the physical characteristics of beaks is your only designation. Are you claiming mutations to the ALX1 gene is sufficient a reason to designate them as separate species?
So really what is happening with something like selective breeding, is breeders are selecting for underyling alleles or combinations of alleles that yield specific physical traits. That's it. Admittedly, this can have an effect of reducing genetic variability, particularly where small populations and inbreeding are concerned.
Agreed, just as Asians in the past selectively chose to breed with others with Asian characteristics until that genetic variability was reduced. Because the genome once had all racial characteristics within, and through selective breeding our genetic variability has been reduced. Which is why Asians remain Asian despite generations of mutations.........
Where mutations come in is they act a source of genetic variability. Say a parent organism has a particular gene; we'll call it "gene A". If during the production of its gametes (i.e. sperm or eggs) a mutation occurs during cell replication, that gene may be altered. We'll call the new varient "gene A1". Assuming successful reproduction with that particular sperm or egg, the offspring will now carry "gene A1" instead of the original "gene A".
And will never change an Asian into any other race, let alone a species. You have observed thousands of generations of mutations and yet the Asian remains Asian and no new race appears until they mate with another race. Your mutations lack any credible observational data.
Where variability during interbreeding comes in is during sexual reproduction whereby organisms inherit ~50% of their genes from each parent. So if one parent has two copies of gene A (i.e. "AA"), and the other has two copies of a variant (i.e. "A1A1"), the resultant offspring will have one of each (A and A1). Thus resultant offspring of two more genetically distinct parents will carry variant traits from each parent.
Which leads to mere differences in length of nose, hair color, etc.... but I thought those mere physical traits that you claim I was hung up on were unimportant. Yet despite this claim of yours, Asian remains Asian and no new race appears until they mate with another race. Yet you expect me to believe that despite mutations not even being able to cross the race border, they magically cross the species border?
Of course, mutations still occur regardless of the parent offspring and can and do introduce new variant genes in the process. Some may have obvious effects, others may not.
Oh most have quite obvious affects, we call them birth defects.......
There is nothing which will result in the absolute "fixation" of a particular genetic makeup in a population. Mutations are unavoidable and will invariably introduce new variations. Your claims of Huskies always producing Huskies need not explicitly be true. Only with specific selective pressure and artificial limitations will that be the case. If the population is allowed to diversify and/or if selective pressures were applied for traits to move away from the traditional Husky phenotype, new phenotypes could emerge. In effect, you could do the same thing with Huskies or other dog breeds that people originally did with wolves.
Yet Asian remain Asian, African remains African, Husky remains Husky and Mastiff remain Mastiff. You need to reread what you wrote about that reduction in genetic variation, then stop contradicting yourself with this PR rubbish that direct observation falsifies. Make up your mind, did we interbreed and reduce the genetic variation from the original which contained more genetic variation, or did we not?
What is "cross the race barrier" supposed to mean? If an organism inherits a mutation (i.e. a new allele), then any subsequent offspring of that organism will also have a chance of inheriting that same allele. Depending on the gene flow in that particular population, that allele may be weeded out or it may go on to become fixed in the population. The latter can happen from either positive selection pressure or from random genetic drift.
Fixed as in reduction of genetic variation? Of course the Asian genes are fixed in that population, that’s why they remain Asian despite you trying to convince yourself they can become something other than Asian.
The only making excuses up until now has been you. I've been trying to get to explain how things work and you continue to dodge, and for some reason are now excusing me of making excuses. I'm not even sure what "excuses" you are referring to, as all I have asked of you is to explain the mechanisms by which your claims of biology work.
Oh no, I agree on how it works. I agree that through selective breeding between the same strain genetic variation is lost, never gained. That only when selectively breeding with a different genetic strain is more variability introduced. You know, Asian remains Asian and African remains African, and only when those two mate is a new variant observed? I agree wholeheartedly, it’s you that seems to keep vacillating back and forth in what you believe while ignoring the facts.