"1) From what I've learned in school and some research of my own, it's basically the theory that a small change in a species can change the way they act and/or look."
Its much more than just that. Its changes through Mutation and Natural Selection. Many small changes can create a new species that can no longer breed with its older self. When that happens, the two species can no longer share mutations and can then change apart from each other very easily.
"2) Depends on how you look at it. If you take the current translations of the bible then the answer would be No."
But remember, a translation is just a translation, you must interpret that translation. If gods creation says a literal reading is wrong, I would assume that it would be our interpretation that is wrong, not gods creation. That it shouldn't be taken literally.
"3) Yes. For they were still on the continent's that Rome had power over. Where is the evidence that Native Americans had come over here before?"
There is plenty of evidence, The Mayans for example, are known to have been here for at least 3000 years. However, as others have said, there is no evidence of the taxing of the celts, or the chinese.
So it should become obvious that when they say "the entire world" it means from a writters point of view, and not a literal point of view.
"4) But that doesn't mean that I can't disprove any of it... A theory is thought of and then evidence is brought up to try and prove the theory."
Its also much more complicated than that. Often a hypothesis is made, that hypothesis makes predictions that are testable. The scientist then goes and look for that evidence. It should be mentioned that a theory can never be proven, only falsified. So the scientists look for evidence that would falsify their theory.
Yes, your right, it doesn't mean you cant disprove it, but it does mean that you may not understand what you are trying to disprove. Many creationist sites are not known for their truthfulness or honesty and without a some knowledge of the science they are talking about, it's often very easy to believe their lies, as they hide them well. The thing is, before you can argue against something, you need to understand it.
Napoleon said: