Well in less than a couple years I'll be a doctor
But I'm not pretending I know or that I should decide. "Basic care" needs to be evidence-based, and it needs to be based on a medical consensus. Some screening tests are expensive, but if they prevent disease they are worth it.
Another way to make it less arbitrary is to aim for providing the maximum amount of healthcare for as many people as possible. It also helps that there are very few instances where preventative care is more expensive in the long run than letting health problems get bad enough for an emergency room visit. So many fiscal conservatives imagine they're somehow saving money by taking away cheap or free preventative care when they're actually taxing themselves and hurting people for no reason.
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