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Jesus was primarily concerned with a person's inner life; in other words, how one felt and thought. Prayer, for instance, ought not to be concerned with asking God to change outward circumstances, but to change one's inner self. Most of Jesus' teachings are most useful when interpreted in a psychological manner. He is the best guide there ever was for navigating one's inner self.
Jesus is not a nanny who will take away all trouble and suffering in life and make things easy. God lets bad things happen to good people all the time; so evidently, his idea of good is different than what seems intuitively good to people. If you pray to God to change your heart, God will certainly grant your request, but you will probably find that if you ask him to make your material circumstances better, he often doesn't listen.
Here are a collection of quotes from the Bible to back up my assertion that God only really cares about your heart:
"Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength. The second is this: 'Love your neighbor as yourself. There is no commandment greater than these." -- Jesus is not asking you to perform a particular action. He is asking you to orient your heart.
"...those things which proceed out of the mouth come from the heart, and they defile a man. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies. These are the things which defiled a man, but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile a man." -- It is not outward actions, but the heart which defiles a man
"First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean." -- Get your inner self right, and your outer self will become right automatically
Here is a passage from the Gospel of Thomas. I realize it's not in the Bible cannon, but it's possible that early Christians read it before the cannon was standardized. It is in the same spirit regardless: "If those who lead you say to you, 'See, the kingdom is in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather, the kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you."
All the Beatitudes are focused of course on your heart (poor in spirit, mourning, meek, seeking righteousness, etc)
Taken in the context of correct psychological orientation, many other passages may make more sense.
"For truly I tell you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, 'Move from here to there,' and it will move; and nothing will be impossible for you."
When have you ever heard of a Christian causing a literal mountain to jump into the sea? I have never heard of it. I believe the correct interpretation for everyday use is to think of the mountain as some obstacle inside the self which blocks you from becoming the person you want to be. If you have even the tiniest bit of faith, you will be able to become the person that you ought to be. The mountain will move.
Likewise, for the mustard seed growing into a great tree. It takes time to grow into a new person, but even the tiniest start can be enough.
"They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing it shall not hurt them." -- In the spirit of the other interpretations, it seems reasonable to think of snakes as malicious people, and the poison as hurtful deceit. A person with the right orientation can deal with vicious people and lies and not be inwardly harmed.
If you are not convinced yet, consider Jesus' promise: "Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened." How many of you have asked for a material thing in faith, and not have it given to you? I would assume that all sincere Christians have done this. And yet we still lose our loved ones and our health and our jobs, and eventually we all die. So, is Jesus a liar?
I believe the resolution to this is that Jesus means for you to ask for your heart to be oriented properly. Ask, "What can I do better?" and an answer will be given. I have been doing this for years, and there is not a single instance in which my prayer has not been answered. It is for this reason that I believe this is the significance of Jesus' promise. It is not a promise to change your external circumstances, but a promise to help you change yourself. If you interpret his promise to be oriented towards material things, then common experience makes Jesus into a liar. But if you interpret it to mean that he will help you be like him, you will find that he keeps his promises.
If you are in a situation like Job, where you are suffering and don't know why, it's possible that all that's expected of you is to suffer patiently. But you should still ask and see if you get an answer.
Jordan Peterson gave a very good interpretation of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount. He said it means that you should first am at the highest thing that you can possibly imagine, and then act in the moment in what way you can to make it happen. If you do this, all of your material needs will sort themselves out of their own accord in the best possible way. This is a promise, and it is one that you can test. I encourage everyone to test it.
How to Pray?
I've read several books on prayer, both from an Orthodox, and from a Protestant perspective. I always came to the conclusion that I cannot tell the difference between my own voice and God's voice. It caused me a great deal of frustration.
The frustration ended when I realized that whether another voice comes from another human's throat, or my own mind, or from God, I can't force any of these voices to speak to me. I can only be ready to listen when they speak. I cannot be responsible for making God talk to me. It is impossible. I can only be responsible for listening.
So here is how you pray: it is fine to ask for things, or to struggle with a problem and just try to articulate what is going on in your head. The important part is to listen to what happens next. The answer could come from another person's mouth, or from an event, or a thought that appears in your head. Did the answer come from God, or your own thoughts, or from accidental circumstance? Who knows? But the answer will come. If you ask in sincerity to become a better version of yourself, an answer will come. It is like a law of nature. I have so much experience with this, if you say that you have done this and it didn't work, it will sound to me like you jumped off a building and did not fall. Often the answer is immediate, but sometimes it takes time. But I have no experience with unanswered prayers of this sort.
God will not necessarily wave a magic wand to make you smarter or richer or to have more opportunities than you have. But if you ask in sincerity what you can do in your actual circumstances to be better inside your heart, and you listen, an answer will come.
Practice prayer like this, and you will teach yourself (or is God teaching you?) to become the person that you ought to be.
Some more psychological wisdom:
I thought when I was younger about the actual meaning of things like pride, and worship, and sin. I came to these answers:
Pride consists of lies that we tell ourselves to make ourselves feel better. Humility consists in not doing this. Humility can be hard, because it involves not accepting good feelings that are based on falsehood.
I personally believe that the only 2 valid reasons to feel good are 1. self-congratulation for good effort and 2. gratitude for stuff outside of our control. This is because our effort is the only thing that we truly have control over. No one else made us try. So, congratulate yourself for trying. It also seems to me that if you feel good for having genuinely done good, then you will want to do it again, and that is good. But nothing else is truly within our power to bring about, so, we must acknowledge it and be grateful for it. Even breathing, is in the end, outside of our control. In the end, we will all suffer some kind of accident or sickness which will take our breath away, no matter how much we will it otherwise.
Worship consists in recognizing something as a source of value. Everyone worships something, or else his life would seem meaningless and pointless and he would not do anything. A person should worship God. From our limited understanding, God in our minds is whatever we imagine the best and the highest to be. Do not worship anything less than what you can recognize as the best.
Sin is when our actual values to not align with our stated values. For a Christian, his stated values are God's values. But everyone who has a moral ideal has an idea of sin (where he has fallen short of his ideal), even if he isn't aware of it. Your actions show off your real values. This is how it is possible for one's stated values to be different from one's actual values. I believe God only really judges you on your values.
This also explains the faith/works dichotomy. Your actions come from your beliefs. And you assign your beliefs by acting. You are saved by faith, but works will come automatically from your faith, according to your understanding and your strength.
Here is some more psychological wisdom from Jesus:
Judgment -- "How can you say to your brother, `Let me take the speck out of your eye,' when all the time there is a plank in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother's eye."
I was confused as a child when I read this, because the implication seems to be that if you are judging someone, that you are necessarily a hypocrite. But how can it always be that everyone who judges is always a hypocrite? Eventually, I had the realization that when I felt the emotional need to judge somebody else, it was a way of distracting from my own insecurity. I believe I can see the same tendency in other people. If you see something wrong in another person, and it truly doesn't affect you, then why be concerned with it? If you are concerned with it, that is a very good sign that you see something of yourself in that person, and that is why you hate it so much.
I do not think this applies to situations where we have to make a decision. You have to decide, for instance, "Should I work for this person?" "Should I trust this person?" "Should I marry this person?" I do not think these kinds of judgments are necessarily sinful. It is impossible to live without them. It is when we are judging without a purpose that we should stop and reflect.
Worry -- "Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own."
Considering that there are many passages in the Bible where "days" refer to indeterminant periods of time, I believe a good modern translation for this passage would be, "Do not worry about those things in the future which may or may not happen. There is always enough trouble in the present."
Worry is always in vain. If we knew how to solve a problem, we would do it. When we do not know how to solve a problem, but concern ourselves with it incessantly, that is worry. But if you cannot stop evil from coming, why worry? Your hair will turn gray with or without your worry.
There are many other things that could be said, but you will have to go on your own journey.
You may not have heard anyone say before that when Jesus said that you could move mountains, he meant that you could move yourself. But I think this is the only way of interpreting it without history making Jesus into a liar. There are no moving mountains. If the psychological interpretation is true, however, that's good news for you, because you can test it yourself to see if you can become what you were meant to be.
Jesus is not a nanny who will take away all trouble and suffering in life and make things easy. God lets bad things happen to good people all the time; so evidently, his idea of good is different than what seems intuitively good to people. If you pray to God to change your heart, God will certainly grant your request, but you will probably find that if you ask him to make your material circumstances better, he often doesn't listen.
Here are a collection of quotes from the Bible to back up my assertion that God only really cares about your heart:
"Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength. The second is this: 'Love your neighbor as yourself. There is no commandment greater than these." -- Jesus is not asking you to perform a particular action. He is asking you to orient your heart.
"...those things which proceed out of the mouth come from the heart, and they defile a man. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies. These are the things which defiled a man, but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile a man." -- It is not outward actions, but the heart which defiles a man
"First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean." -- Get your inner self right, and your outer self will become right automatically
Here is a passage from the Gospel of Thomas. I realize it's not in the Bible cannon, but it's possible that early Christians read it before the cannon was standardized. It is in the same spirit regardless: "If those who lead you say to you, 'See, the kingdom is in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather, the kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you."
All the Beatitudes are focused of course on your heart (poor in spirit, mourning, meek, seeking righteousness, etc)
Taken in the context of correct psychological orientation, many other passages may make more sense.
"For truly I tell you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, 'Move from here to there,' and it will move; and nothing will be impossible for you."
When have you ever heard of a Christian causing a literal mountain to jump into the sea? I have never heard of it. I believe the correct interpretation for everyday use is to think of the mountain as some obstacle inside the self which blocks you from becoming the person you want to be. If you have even the tiniest bit of faith, you will be able to become the person that you ought to be. The mountain will move.
Likewise, for the mustard seed growing into a great tree. It takes time to grow into a new person, but even the tiniest start can be enough.
"They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing it shall not hurt them." -- In the spirit of the other interpretations, it seems reasonable to think of snakes as malicious people, and the poison as hurtful deceit. A person with the right orientation can deal with vicious people and lies and not be inwardly harmed.
If you are not convinced yet, consider Jesus' promise: "Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened." How many of you have asked for a material thing in faith, and not have it given to you? I would assume that all sincere Christians have done this. And yet we still lose our loved ones and our health and our jobs, and eventually we all die. So, is Jesus a liar?
I believe the resolution to this is that Jesus means for you to ask for your heart to be oriented properly. Ask, "What can I do better?" and an answer will be given. I have been doing this for years, and there is not a single instance in which my prayer has not been answered. It is for this reason that I believe this is the significance of Jesus' promise. It is not a promise to change your external circumstances, but a promise to help you change yourself. If you interpret his promise to be oriented towards material things, then common experience makes Jesus into a liar. But if you interpret it to mean that he will help you be like him, you will find that he keeps his promises.
If you are in a situation like Job, where you are suffering and don't know why, it's possible that all that's expected of you is to suffer patiently. But you should still ask and see if you get an answer.
Jordan Peterson gave a very good interpretation of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount. He said it means that you should first am at the highest thing that you can possibly imagine, and then act in the moment in what way you can to make it happen. If you do this, all of your material needs will sort themselves out of their own accord in the best possible way. This is a promise, and it is one that you can test. I encourage everyone to test it.
How to Pray?
I've read several books on prayer, both from an Orthodox, and from a Protestant perspective. I always came to the conclusion that I cannot tell the difference between my own voice and God's voice. It caused me a great deal of frustration.
The frustration ended when I realized that whether another voice comes from another human's throat, or my own mind, or from God, I can't force any of these voices to speak to me. I can only be ready to listen when they speak. I cannot be responsible for making God talk to me. It is impossible. I can only be responsible for listening.
So here is how you pray: it is fine to ask for things, or to struggle with a problem and just try to articulate what is going on in your head. The important part is to listen to what happens next. The answer could come from another person's mouth, or from an event, or a thought that appears in your head. Did the answer come from God, or your own thoughts, or from accidental circumstance? Who knows? But the answer will come. If you ask in sincerity to become a better version of yourself, an answer will come. It is like a law of nature. I have so much experience with this, if you say that you have done this and it didn't work, it will sound to me like you jumped off a building and did not fall. Often the answer is immediate, but sometimes it takes time. But I have no experience with unanswered prayers of this sort.
God will not necessarily wave a magic wand to make you smarter or richer or to have more opportunities than you have. But if you ask in sincerity what you can do in your actual circumstances to be better inside your heart, and you listen, an answer will come.
Practice prayer like this, and you will teach yourself (or is God teaching you?) to become the person that you ought to be.
Some more psychological wisdom:
I thought when I was younger about the actual meaning of things like pride, and worship, and sin. I came to these answers:
Pride consists of lies that we tell ourselves to make ourselves feel better. Humility consists in not doing this. Humility can be hard, because it involves not accepting good feelings that are based on falsehood.
I personally believe that the only 2 valid reasons to feel good are 1. self-congratulation for good effort and 2. gratitude for stuff outside of our control. This is because our effort is the only thing that we truly have control over. No one else made us try. So, congratulate yourself for trying. It also seems to me that if you feel good for having genuinely done good, then you will want to do it again, and that is good. But nothing else is truly within our power to bring about, so, we must acknowledge it and be grateful for it. Even breathing, is in the end, outside of our control. In the end, we will all suffer some kind of accident or sickness which will take our breath away, no matter how much we will it otherwise.
Worship consists in recognizing something as a source of value. Everyone worships something, or else his life would seem meaningless and pointless and he would not do anything. A person should worship God. From our limited understanding, God in our minds is whatever we imagine the best and the highest to be. Do not worship anything less than what you can recognize as the best.
Sin is when our actual values to not align with our stated values. For a Christian, his stated values are God's values. But everyone who has a moral ideal has an idea of sin (where he has fallen short of his ideal), even if he isn't aware of it. Your actions show off your real values. This is how it is possible for one's stated values to be different from one's actual values. I believe God only really judges you on your values.
This also explains the faith/works dichotomy. Your actions come from your beliefs. And you assign your beliefs by acting. You are saved by faith, but works will come automatically from your faith, according to your understanding and your strength.
Here is some more psychological wisdom from Jesus:
Judgment -- "How can you say to your brother, `Let me take the speck out of your eye,' when all the time there is a plank in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother's eye."
I was confused as a child when I read this, because the implication seems to be that if you are judging someone, that you are necessarily a hypocrite. But how can it always be that everyone who judges is always a hypocrite? Eventually, I had the realization that when I felt the emotional need to judge somebody else, it was a way of distracting from my own insecurity. I believe I can see the same tendency in other people. If you see something wrong in another person, and it truly doesn't affect you, then why be concerned with it? If you are concerned with it, that is a very good sign that you see something of yourself in that person, and that is why you hate it so much.
I do not think this applies to situations where we have to make a decision. You have to decide, for instance, "Should I work for this person?" "Should I trust this person?" "Should I marry this person?" I do not think these kinds of judgments are necessarily sinful. It is impossible to live without them. It is when we are judging without a purpose that we should stop and reflect.
Worry -- "Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own."
Considering that there are many passages in the Bible where "days" refer to indeterminant periods of time, I believe a good modern translation for this passage would be, "Do not worry about those things in the future which may or may not happen. There is always enough trouble in the present."
Worry is always in vain. If we knew how to solve a problem, we would do it. When we do not know how to solve a problem, but concern ourselves with it incessantly, that is worry. But if you cannot stop evil from coming, why worry? Your hair will turn gray with or without your worry.
There are many other things that could be said, but you will have to go on your own journey.
You may not have heard anyone say before that when Jesus said that you could move mountains, he meant that you could move yourself. But I think this is the only way of interpreting it without history making Jesus into a liar. There are no moving mountains. If the psychological interpretation is true, however, that's good news for you, because you can test it yourself to see if you can become what you were meant to be.