And is the knowledge of science a product of the brain, or of the mind?
{Insert OP YouTube here}
Job 21:22 NIV
“Can anyone teach knowledge to God,
since he judges even the highest?"
So, information and knowledge are pretty similar, but I think one could make a useful distinction around how 'raw' they are. Information is raw knowledge, meaning it is regarded as quite cut-and-dried. I think the simplest meaning of information that is quantitative, is that information is what allows you to answer a set of yes/no questions, where the 'amount' of information, is determined by how many independent yes/no questions you are empowered to answer by that information.
One could think of this as the exponent one would raise 2 to, in order to give the size of the potential uncertainties that one's information is 'cutting through'. Thought of that way, 2 raised to the power of the 'information entropy' gives the factor by which one is reducing the measure of some unknown space. If you can answer 2 independent yes/no questions, then the size of the space you are uncertain about, has gone down by a factor of 4, and so on. So this all has a very 'raw' feel to it .. you start with a range of unknown possibilities and you can cull that space down by some factor by answering yes/no questions using information.
Knowledge carries a flavor of something more than just culling a space of potential possibilities. It carries the flavor of understanding something, perhaps a sense of why things are the way they are. It seeks higher order connections, concepts like conservation laws, or cause and effect. Its something that I think is much harder to model, because it relates to how our minds think in ways that are harder to see in binary terms. Its certainly possible that anything we regard as knowledge could, in principle, be replaced by some kind of information concept, but that's not how we relate to it in practical everyday terms. So we might say that if you look at which team won a soccer game, you have the 'information' about which team won, but your 'knowledge' about the event might include your expectation that they would win because their players have more speed, or more experience, or things like that .. things that are not as easy to quantify. So I would say that knowledge implies a certain degree of 'making sense', and hence we can say we have knowledge of our mind dependent reality, and the goal in building a mind dependent reality, is a quest for knowledge. Our information is simply how the experiments came out.
Of course, mind independent reality believers would now ask,
'knowledge of what'? The response would be: I don't know what you mean, knowledge is just knowledge, all we can say about it, is that it has a context. So knowledge about soccer is 'knowledge of soccer', but that just identifies the context of the knowledge, no more. It certainly doesn't establish that the thing we know is something outside our heads/brains/minds ... knowledge lives inside our heads/brains/minds .. just like information does.