Just from a quick look at some of my commentaries:
Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown Commentary
and said unto her, Talitha cumi--The words are Aramaic, or Syro-Chaldaic, the then language of Palestine. Mark loves to give such wonderful words just as they were spoken.
John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
Talitha Cumi. The Ethiopic version reads it, "Tabitha Cumi"; and so do some Greek copies, and Latin versions, taking it to be the same word as in Act_9:36 whereas that signifies "Dorcas, a roe"; but this word is of another signification, as here explained,
which is, being interpreted, damsel (I say unto thee) arise. The phrase, "I say unto thee", is no part of the interpretation of the above Syriac words; but is added, by the evangelist, as being what was expressed by Christ at the same time, signifying his authority and power over death; only "damsel arise", is the interpretation of them, טלי, "Tali", signifies a "boy", and טליתא, "Talitha", a "girl"; and so they are often used in the Targums (w), and in the Talmud: the one is used for a boy of seventeen years of age (x), and the other for a girl of sixteen or seventeen years of age (y); so that this child might well be called by this name, since she was but twelve years of age; and קומי, "Cumi", is the imperative קום, "to arise".
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Talitha cumi - This is the language which our Saviour commonly spoke. It is a mixture of Syriac and Chaldee, called Syro-Chaldaic. The proper translation is given by the evangelist - Damsel, arise.
The concensus seems to be Aramaic, Syriac, or Syriac-Chaldee. I don't know if there is a difference in those or if they describe the same language. Regardless, it was the common spoken language of that region, as I understand it.
Does that confuse the issue enough?
jk
