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Luke 6:5 Codex Bezae

DamianWarS

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Psalms 55:16-17 KJV
16 As for me, I will call upon God; and the LORD shall save me.
17 Evening, and morning, and at noon, [tzohorim] will I pray, and cry aloud: and he shall hear my voice.

King David says he prays three times daily: evening (oblation), morning (oblation), and at the tzohorim-midday hour. Daniel the Prophet likewise does the same.

Daniel 6:10 KJV
10 Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house; and his windows being open in his chamber toward Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did aforetime.

Peter likewise does the same:

Acts 3:1 KJV
1 Now Peter and John went up together into the temple at the hour of prayer, being the ninth hour.

Acts 10:9 KJV
9 On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour:

The sixth hour of the twelve-hour civil calendar day is the midday hour, the tzohorim hour, which means double light or the two lights, and that is because it is the hour of division between morning light and evening light.

The woman of Samaria at the well of Yakob comes to draw water at about the sixth hour:

John 4:5-7 KJV
5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph.
6 Now Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour.
7 There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto her, Give me to drink.

Where is this first mentioned in the Torah and what does it say about the time of evening?
I get the divisions of time used in the bible. the 6th hour is a reference to the Roman system divided into two 12-hour periods for daylight and night. base on seasons the hours would change in duration so the 6th hour is like a reference to the highest point of the sun, and the opening of the 1st and closing of the 12th marks the boundaries of the light based on sunrise and sunset.

I also get that hebrews closed the day upon the setting of the sun which is when the new day started. just as creation started in darkness and light overcame it, so each day echos this value of light being spoken into darkness upon every sunrise. The opposite would have a conflicting value if the day boundaries were from sunset to sunset as it would be like saying darkness triumphs over light.

day boundaries and how we count hours are abstract references. it makes sense a day is marked upon solar activity marking 2 events of sunrise and sunset, but where we place the boundaries is somewhat arbitrary. biblical speaking it can be used to reinforce the values of creation which can read as a salvation metaphor of light being spoken into darkness and these are the abstract values of these day boundaries that are also echoed in the death and resurrection of Christ. An event opening in darkness; the setting of the life, entering darkness and complete ceasing of activity vital to life over the Sabbath to the subsequent rising and triumph over death. So daily as the sun rises is a constant reminder of Christ's victory which has been echoed since light was spoken into darkness since creation, revealing a prophetic application of the creation account.

But I'm still not clear what you're saying. you're posting a lot of verses with vague ambiguous statements/questions and I don't know what point you're trying to make. Just be clear and tell me what's on your mind. I am particularly interested in how your insights (which you're being mysterious about) should be impacting our Christian living. but it's like you're trying to set me up with this vague probing waiting for some sort of gotcha moment to support whatever it is you're trying to say.
 
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daq

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Psalms 55:16-17 KJV
16 As for me, I will call upon God; and the LORD shall save me.
17 Evening, and morning, and at noon, [tzohorim] will I pray, and cry aloud: and he shall hear my voice.

King David says he prays three times daily: evening (oblation), morning (oblation), and at the tzohorim-midday hour. Daniel the Prophet likewise does the same.

Daniel 6:10 KJV
10 Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house; and his windows being open in his chamber toward Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did aforetime.

Peter likewise does the same:

Acts 3:1 KJV
1 Now Peter and John went up together into the temple at the hour of prayer, being the ninth hour.

Acts 10:9 KJV
9 On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour:

The sixth hour of the twelve-hour civil calendar day is the midday hour, the tzohorim hour, which means double light or the two lights, and that is because it is the hour of division between morning light and evening light.

The woman of Samaria at the well of Yakob comes to draw water at about the sixth hour:

John 4:5-7 KJV
5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph.
6 Now Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour.
7 There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto her, Give me to drink.

Where is this first mentioned in the Torah and what does it say about the time of evening?
I get the divisions of time used in the bible. the 6th hour is a reference to the Roman system divided into two 12-hour periods for daylight and night. base on seasons the hours would change in duration so the 6th hour is like a reference to the highest point of the sun, and the opening of the 1st and closing of the 12th marks the boundaries of the light based on sunrise and sunset.

I also get that hebrews closed the day upon the setting of the sun which is when the new day started. just as creation started in darkness and light overcame it, so each day echos this value of light being spoken into darkness upon every sunrise. The opposite would have a conflicting value if the day boundaries were from sunset to sunset as it would be like saying darkness triumphs over light.

day boundaries and how we count hours are abstract references. it makes sense a day is marked upon solar activity marking 2 events of sunrise and sunset, but where we place the boundaries is somewhat arbitrary. biblical speaking it can be used to reinforce the values of creation which can read as a salvation metaphor of light being spoken into darkness and these are the abstract values of these day boundaries that are also echoed in the death and resurrection of Christ. An event opening in darkness; the setting of the life, entering darkness and complete ceasing of activity vital to life over the Sabbath to the subsequent rising and triumph over death. So daily as the sun rises is a constant reminder of Christ's victory which has been echoed since light was spoken into darkness since creation, revealing a prophetic application of the creation account.

But I'm still not clear what you're saying. you're posting a lot of verses with vague ambiguous statements/questions and I don't know what point you're trying to make. Just be clear and tell me what's on your mind. I am particularly interested in how your insights (which you're being mysterious about) should be impacting our Christian living. but it's like you're trying to set me up with this vague probing waiting for some sort of gotcha moment to support whatever it is you're trying to say.

Where is this first mentioned in the Torah and what does it say about the time of evening?

Genesis 24:9-15 KJV
9 And the servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master, and sware to him concerning that matter.
10 And the servant took ten camels of the camels of his master, and departed; for all the goods of his master were in his hand: and he arose, and went to Mesopotamia, unto the city of Nahor.
11 And he made his camels to kneel down without the city by a well of water at the time of the evening, even the time that women go out to draw water.
12 And he said, O LORD God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this day, and shew kindness unto my master Abraham.
13 Behold, I stand here by the well of water; and the daughters of the men of the city come out to draw water:
14 And let it come to pass, that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink; and she shall say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: let the same be she that thou hast appointed for thy servant Isaac; and thereby shall I know that thou hast shewed kindness unto my master.
15 And it came to pass, before he had done speaking, that, behold, Rebekah came out, who was born to Bethuel, son of Milcah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham's brother, with her pitcher upon her shoulder.

So the evening commences immediately following the sixth hour of the civil calendar day: for the sixth hour of the day is when the women go forth to draw water, as shown in the John 4 passage with the woman of Samaria at the well of Yakob.

Therefore, in the twelve-hour civil calendar day, (see the image file on the previous page in Reply#7), the morning portion of the day is six hours, from sunrise through the sixth hour, and the evening portion of the day is six hours, from the seventh hour through the twelfth hour and sunset, and an evening and a morning are a day.
 
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DamianWarS

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So the evening commences immediately following the sixth hour of the civil calendar day: for the sixth hour of the day is when the women go forth to draw water, as shown in the John 4 passage with the woman of Samaria at the well of Yakob.

Therefore, in the twelve-hour civil calendar day, (see the image file on the previous page in Reply#7), the morning portion of the day is six hours, from sunrise through the sixth hour, and the evening portion of the day is six hours, from the seventh hour through the twelfth hour and sunset, and an evening and a morning are a day.
what's the point of all this?

Did it occur to you that the woman at the well was trying to avoid interacting with others and went to the well at a time she would most likely not see anyone else? You seem to want to interpret this time as a common time women go to the well and then superimpose evening over it which the text does not read that way. The text says the 6th hour; translations often say noon. Why would you draw water at a well at noon which is typically the hottest point of the day? it would make more sense to do it in the cool of the morning/evening while there is still light, but this woman she has cause to avoid people so goes at the 6th hour (which the text unpacks). With Genesis 24, the text says evening. There's no need to see these as the same time, evening is the time around sunset.

I don't know what I'm arguing about or even if you agree/disagree. I'll be candid, your points are obscure and I don't know what you're getting at.
 
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daq

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what's the point of all this?

Just what I said, that much of what you brought up in a previous post is answered in the timing of the beginning of a day.

Did it occur to you that the woman at the well was trying to avoid interacting with others and went to the well at a time she would most likely not see anyone else? You seem to want to interpret this time as a common time women go to the well and then superimpose evening over it which the text does not read that way.

That is your superimposition upon the text not based in extremely ancient cultural reality. There were and are two typical times that the women go out to draw water: first in the morning, and then at around midday. In some areas of the Middle East this is still the practice to this day.

1 Samuel 9:10-14 KJV
10 Then said Saul to his servant, Well said; come, let us go. So they went unto the city where the man of God was.
11 And as they went up the hill to the city, they found young maidens going out to draw water, and said unto them, Is the seer here?
12 And they answered them, and said, He is; behold, he is before you: make haste now, for he came to day to the city; for there is a sacrifice of the people to day in the high place:
13 As soon as ye be come into the city, ye shall straightway find him, before he go up to the high place to eat: for the people will not eat until he come, because he doth bless the sacrifice; and afterwards they eat that be bidden. Now therefore get you up; for about this time ye shall find him.
14 And they went up into the city: and when they were come into the city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high place.

Herein above the maidens are going out to draw water: this is at midday because it is clearly before the evening oblation.

The text says the 6th hour; translations often say noon. Why would you draw water at a well at noon which is typically the hottest point of the day?

Another mistake on your part. The sun waxes hot from about 3:00PM to 4:00PM locally with, of course, some variance depending on location. The most common explanations for why this is the case call the effect thermal response, (although the following link does not use that term).


it would make more sense to do it in the cool of the morning/evening while there is still light, but this woman she has cause to avoid people so goes at the 6th hour (which the text unpacks).

Speculation on your part. Water was drawn twice a day, in the morning and the time of evening.

Pulpit Commentary
Verse 11. - And he made his camels to kneel down - "a mode of expression taken from actual life. The action is literally kneeling; not stooping, sitting, or lying down on the side like a horse, but kneeling on his knees; and this the camel is taught to do from his youth" (Thomson, 'Land and Book,' p. 592) - without the city by a well of water. "In the East, where wells are scarce and water indispensable, the existence of a well or fountain determines the site of the village. The people build near it, but prefer to have it outside the city, to avoid the noise, dust, and confusion always occurring at it, especially if the place is on the highway (Ibid.). At the time of the evening, even the time that women go out to draw water. Literally, that women that draw go forth. "It is the work of females in the East to draw water both morning and evening; and they may be seen going in groups to the wells, with their vessels on the hip or on the, shoulder" (Roberts' Oriental Illustrations, p. 27). "About great cities men often carry, water, both on donkeys and on their own backs; but in the country, among the unsophisticated natives, women only go to the well or the fountain; and often, when traveling, have I seen long files of them going and returning with their pitchers "at the time when women go out to draw water" (Thomson, 'Land and Book,' p. 592). Genesis 24:11

With Genesis 24, the text says evening. There's no need to see these as the same time, evening is the time around sunset.

Not so: evening commences when the sun has reached its zenith in the sky overhead, at about midday, when the shadows shift direction, and the sun begins its westward descent across the sky, (which is, again, why the midday hour is called the tzohorim, the two lights: morning light and evening light).

I don't know what I'm arguing about or even if you agree/disagree. I'll be candid, your points are obscure and I don't know what you're getting at.

One of the most important reasons for these things would be to understand the timing of the resurrection. The Protos, (Lev 23:11 LXX, Mrk 16:9), falls in the first-light-dawning, (verb, επιφωσκω, Mat 28:1), of the Shabbat.

Secondly, these things also have an impact on the OP subject matter since in the LXX version of the Torah the weekly Shabbat day is always in a plural form of the Greek word σαββατον. This therefore is an important distinction when it comes to places in the Gospel accounts where we find a singular form of σαββατον. Such is the case with two places already quoted from, Luke 6:1 and Mark 16:9, strongly implying that the singular form is not the full day of the Shabbat but rather the Shabbat hour of any given day of the week, (as shown in the sundial image file on the previous page).

Understanding this explains much of what has been brought up herein: for the variant passage in Luke 6 from Codex Bezae tells us that the variant occurred in the same day as Luke 6:1, meaning that Luke 6:1 is the Shabbat hour of that day, (dative, neuter, singular, σαββατω), but it must also have been a full weekly Shabbat day. This explains the reason for the variant statement, for if the man had observed the Shabbat hour of that day and yet was working in a later hour of the day, he would have understood what he was doing: but if he had not observed the Shabbat hour of that day, he understood not and was a transgressor of the Torah by the fact that he was ignoring the duly appointed Sanhedrin ruling on the matter, (which was only valid until the resurrection because Meshiah was the only one to properly interpret it).

Mark 16:9 is likewise a singular form of σαββατον mentioned with the protos, (feminine πρωτη in the passage), which means it is the protos Shabbat of the wave offering in Leviticus 23:11 LXX. This is the Shabbat hour, (being in the singular in the Mark passage), and thus the morrow is the next morning, and that is the morning portion of the full Shabbat day, the weekly Shabbat, and that is the commencement of the Omer count.

In short: the day pertaining to the Master in Rev 1:10, (τη κυριακη ημερα), is the Shabbat, not the first day of the week, and the first light of Shabbat is the Shabbat hour between the evening hours the evening before, (a.k.a. "between the evenings", in the midst of the six hours of evening).

Looking again at the sundial image file: the three prayer times and oblations divide the civil calendar day into quarters because the morning oblation is in the midst of the six hours of the morning and divides the morning in half, and the midday hour divides the twelve hour day in half, and the evening oblation divides the six hours of evening in half, and thus the evening oblation falls at exactly the halfway point of the six hours of evening time, (and thus the common phrase in the Torah, "between the evenings").

Tzadok-Sundial.PNG
 
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JSRG

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In the LXX the weekly Shabbat is always in a plural form even though it is a single (full) day.

While pluralizing Sabbath despite it referring to a single Sabbath occurs frequently in the LXX, particularly the earlier books, there are various cases where it's singular, e.g. 2 Kings 4:23, 2 Kings 11:5, 2 Chronicles 23:4, 2 Chronicles 23:8, Nehemiah 13:15, among others. All cited examples are σάββατον (singular nominative) except for Nehemiah where the first usage of Sabbath is σάββατον while the second is σάββατω (singular dative).
 
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daq

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While pluralizing Sabbath despite it referring to a single Sabbath occurs frequently in the LXX, particularly the earlier books, there are various cases where it's singular, e.g. 2 Kings 4:23, 2 Kings 11:5, 2 Chronicles 23:4, 2 Chronicles 23:8, Nehemiah 13:15, among others. All cited examples are σάββατον (singular nominative) except for Nehemiah where the first usage of Sabbath is σάββατον while the second is σάββατω (singular dative).

I should have clarified that I only spoke of the LXX version of the Torah, (the earliest portion of the LXX and most likely translated by Kohanim). As for the full Tanak, I have not searched out the remainder in regards to this subject matter, so I cannot agree or disagree.
 
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Yekcidmij

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In Luke 6:5 there is an intriguing variant found in Codex Bezae, (D).
The Greek text, (in lower case modern Greek) reads as follows.

Luke 6:5 Codex Bezae (D)
5 τη αυτη ημερα θεασαμενος τινα εργαζομενον τω σαββατω ειπεν αυτω ανθρωπε ει μεν οιδας τι ποιεις μακαριος ει ει δε μη οιδας επικαταρατος και παραβατης ει του νομου (!)

My reading:

Luke 6:5 Codex Bezae (D)
5 In the same day, having seen someone working in the Shabbat, he said to him, O man, if indeed you know what you do, blessed are you: but if you know not what you do, accursed you are, and a transgressor of the Torah!

It seems highly unlikely that a church scribe would take it upon himself to simply add this into the text, (for what reason would anyone do so? especially with such a difficult statement to comprehend) and rather, it appears to be a remnant-artifact held over from an older slightly different version of the passage, (Luke 6:1-11).

Observation: In this statement the Master upholds the Shabbat, in no uncertain terms, but his understanding of Shabbat observance does not appear to be the same as the interpretations of the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Scribes.

Question: What could be the most likely meaning of this statement in its context?

An interesting note. The NA28 doesn't print the variant, probably because it's the sole manuscript with this and it's lengthy. The NA28 gives the two major variants:

"οτι" in 2 A D K L Γ Δ Θ Ψ ƒ13 33. 565. 892. 1241. 1424. 2542 latt txt 4vid א* B W ƒ1 579. 700

"ο υιος του ανθρωπου και του σαββατου" in A D K L Γ Δ Θ Ψ ƒ1.13 33. 579. 700. 892. 1424. 2542 lat syh sa bopt; McionE
¦ txt א B W 1241 syp bopt

Codex Bezae (D) is known for many distinctive readings, if I'm recalling correctly, and I'm pretty sure I'm recalling correctly. So finding something unique or distinctive only in Codex Bezae isn't necessarily surprising. Given this, I think the many distinctive readings of D outweigh the argument that this variant something that every other mss dropped out, but Bezae left in. Much more likely, Bezae just has it's own distinctive readings, for whatever reason, as it often does.

It also has a unique variant in the very next verse ("και εισελθοντος αυτου παλιν εις την συναγωγην σαββατω εν η ην ανθρωπος ξηραν εχων την χειρα")

..and in the previous verse ("τη αυτη ημερα θεασαμενος τινα εργαζομενον τω σαββατω ειπεν αυτω· ανθρωπε, ει μεν οιδας τι ποιεις, μακαριος ει· ει δε μη οιδας, επικαταρατος και παραβατης ει του νομου")

In any case, the variant in D doesn't replace the standard reading of Luke 6:5. The standard reading occurs after vs 10 in Bezae (Western Medieval Manuscripts : Codex Bezae). So Bezae shuffles things around and adds it's own material. It doesn't look to me like there's a good argument for D's variations here being original.

Theologically speaking, if I were a sabbatarian, I would focus on the prioritization of laws in places like the Mishnah and Tosefta for understanding Jesus' healing and grain plucking on the Sabbath.
 
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