THE FOURTH DAY: what the Bible and the Heavens are telling us about the Creation
Howard J. Van Till
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This will be the hardest review yet. The book is a five star must read, filled with important ideas.
Most of all it shows the way clear for solutions for several problems i am currently working on.
So i will have to fall back on good technique, *grin*, and start with an outline for this review.
title of the review: neither Right nor Left but OUT IN FRONT
Purpose:
Like the German Green's motto " neither Right nor Left but OUT IN FRONT" this book takes on both sides of the CED debate.
and in doing so moves the whole discussion into a new higher level:
---quote---
"It is my contention that neither the scriptural nor the scientific view of the cosmos is complete in itself, despite the fact that each view contributes an essential perspective on the complete reality. Through the spectacles of scriptual exegesis, we Christians see the cosmos as Creation: we see where it stands in relationship to God the Creator,who is its Originator, Preserver, Governor, and Provider. Through the lens of scientific investigation, natural scientists are able to observe the internal affairs of the material world--its coherent properties, its lawful behavior, and its authentic history. Both views are integral parts of what I call the 'creationomic perspective,' the view of the cosmos that is gained when natural science is place in the framework of the biblical doctrine of creation." preface pg ix
---end of quote---
The take home message is simple enough:
God is Creator, Sustainer, Law-Giver, and Provider.
What this book is not, it is not primarily an entry into the CED(creation, evolution, design) debate. Although it bears heavily on the discussion and in fact directly addresses the issue in chapter 11, this is not the author's primary motivation. He is, as he states in the preface, a member of two communities: the one of science, for he is a professor of Astronomy? at Calvin College, as well a member of the Christian community(CRC). I see his book as a genuine attempt to explain himself and his ideas to both communities, in the hope that his views will be valuable to both his committments, and in doing so do justice to his deepest convictions.
What the book is: two pieces of a single argument,
part one= The Biblical View, chapter one="Taking the Bible Seriously",
part two= The Scientific View, chapter six="Taking the Cosmos Seriously",
part three=Integrating the Two Views, chapter 10="Taking Both the Bible and the Cosmos Seriously"
The structure of the book itself mirrors the argument, analogously to the way the structure of Genesis 1-3 mirrors the "covenantal document --covenantal not only in function but in form",pg 79 the major exegetical conclusion following M. Kline's framework principle.
But for purposes of organization I am going to start the review with chapter 10, with a table, from pg198.
categories of questions.......................................................................Appropriate sources of answers
about the material world......................................................................for the Christian
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A internal affairs................................................................................the created cosmos itself, which is constituted
.....1. Properties.................................................................................and governed in such a way that it is amenable
.....2. Behavior...................................................................................to empirical investigation and is intelligible to
.....3. History......................................................................................the human mind.
B external relationships.....................................................................The Bible, the covenantal canon, which was
.....1. Status......................................................................................written principally for the purposes of revealing
.....2. Origin.......................................................................................the divinely established covenantal relationship
.....3. Governance..............................................................................among God, mankind, and the rest of Creation,
.....4. Value........................................................................................and of providing a witness of past human
.....5. Purpose....................................................................................experience with the Creator-Redeemer
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This in a single table is the argument of the book, but to understand the critical component: the categories of questions you need to hear the example he uses.
Holding up a piece of paper, he asks you to describe it, one voice answers GREEN, another offers SQUARE. pg 204-5 The paper is in fact, both. Is these two pieces of information contradictory, of course not, it is complementary, coming from two different viewpoints. The extend the example in a way that the author does not, to which person do you address the questions concerning shape, to which do you address questions concerning color?
In a like manner, to Scripture you address questions of the I-Thou relationship concerning things that deal with: status, origin, governance, value and purpose.
To Science, you address a different but COMPLEMENTARY set of issues concerning properties, behavior, history.
Is this the same idea as Stephen Jay Gould's NOMA? (non-overlapping magisteria). No, Gould divides up the universe of discourse, the things we talk about into two mutually exclusive pieces. This division is concerning the questions we ask of each. Both pieces exist in this world, in this world are found the answers each proposes. Another important issue, at least for me, is the relationship of this division to Abraham Kuyer's concept of two sciences. Van Till explicitly covers this on pages 211-2 where he argues that it is the extension of science into naturalistic scientism that is Kuyer's first science, and that science extended by Christian assumptions and leading to Christian conclusions about the world that becomes the 2nd science, which Van Till terms, creationomic. So essentially we return the argument about atheistic scientism versus theism back to the domain of metaphysics from the domain of science, where it rightfully belongs.
The first part concerns Scripture and how to build a correct hermeneutic to interpret it by. Again he introduces a good illustration, i suspect from his years of teaching this has proven to be a good memory technic and organizing principle: good illustrations. It is the vehicle model of Scripture, pg 14ff, a caravan of vehicles carrying packages with things inside the packages, think a bunch of UPS brown vans. (looks remarkably like the compiler theory train) The vehicle is the cultural historical context as expressed in the literary genre the passage is written in. The packages are the specific story, particular symbolism in a poem, specific cultural patterns. The contents are God's message to His people, in all places, throughout all time. And from pg 83, "In either case, if we attempt to consume both the content and the packaging, we may encounter significant difficulty in chewing, swallowing, and digesting the combination. Those who want to feed on the truths of Scripture must take care to differentiate between food and packaging." The two cases to distinguish are a journalistic account of the actual events of creation(think video tape) from the primeval history account that we have in Genesis.(think metaphorical origins story- mythos)
Scientism and YEC(young earth creationists)- chapter 11, " more heat than light, the creation/evolution debate" and the real battle with unbelieving scientific naturalism as a religious doctrine. Van Till makes it clear throughout the book that the YEC position of apparent age is nothing more than bad science and bad theology, for it denies the coherence of creation. It denies that God created the universe with sufficent thought to have inside it the things it needs to build up the complexity we see around us. By more importantly it denies the value of creation as an arena for the providence of God, to operate through the use of physical means.
I finished the book with a touch of sadness. For the time, energy, and people the false debate of CED is consuming in the Christian community. While good frameworks like Van Till's are neglected for want of people to work on them. If AiG or ICR did not exist, and that energy and talent was used to advance Van Tills type of arguments the Church would be far along the way to competing with the real enemy. Scientism, the world and life view that we are nothing more than sophisticated machines, the result of mindless and random meanderings through the genetic space of living beings. This is a religious, a metaphysical battle, not scientific. For science rightfully limits itself to the things of this creation, the things we see and the forces we can theorize behind them. The YEC have diverted an enormous amount of energy into bad science, trying to fight a battle at the level of facts, denying the clear evidence for an old earth, while misinterpreting the preamble of the Great KIng of Genesis One as a scientific how-to-do book on the manufacture of us. Sadly we are all the weaker knowing that good ideas like this book have been around since 1986 and are yet to be discovered.
I hope you discover this book as a result of my review. It will well worth the time to read, and i didn't even try to tell you the gems in the astronomy section--part 2.
thanks for listening.
richard williams
version dated 13 Mar 2003