With all due respect (and I mean that sincerely), I don't think there is a "simple rule". The way I look at prophecy is to treat it literally by default IF it makes sense to do so. If it does not make sense to do so, then the symbols used in the prophecy are defined elsewhere in Scripture so you can still know what the prophecy means.There is a simple rule for determining which prophecies are literal and which are symbolic.
As a case in point, take Rev. 9:1 -> "Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit."
Now a star (picture our sun or a star even bigger) can't possibly fall to the earth without totally consuming it before it even gets here. Not only that but the star is personified, i.e., "to *him* was given". So even though I'd initially assume this is literal, there's no way it could be. So now I go and find where "star" is used to mean something other than a literal star. (And I don't have to go too far, as Revelation itself says that a star can be another term for angel.) The whole thing makes sense if you substitute angel for star, so this is clearly a symbolic prophecy.
I've found in my study of Revelation (can't speak to other prophecies) that it always seems to work like this. Either it's literal, and it may be fantastic but still make sense. Or if it doesn't make any sense and I can find Scriptural support for using symbols, then that's the alternative.
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