aka "macroevolution" or vertical evolution and "microevolution" or horizontal evolution
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From the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health...
[SIZE=+1]
Genetic explanation for vertical evolution[/SIZE]
2001 Feb;37(2):165-74.
[Article in Russian]
Sukhodolets VV.
State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, 113545 Russia.
sukhodol@genetika.ru
The genetic theory of natural selection proposed by Fisher takes into account differential reproduction success of organisms, which may be estimated by using the Malthusian parameter as fitness. However, the minimum possible value of this parameter depends on ecological stability of an organism, which determines the probability of the survival and participation in reproduction for each viable offspring. In the course of
vertical evolution, leading to an increase in the level of biological organization, ecological stability of organisms increases, and this might be accompanied by a decrease in their fitness. In the macroevolutionary process, alterations in ecological stability of organisms, including those responsible for an increase in the level of biological organization, are basic and primary changes whereas alterations in fitness are additional and secondary.
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From the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health...
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Evolution of alkaline phosphatase in marine species of Vibrio.[/SIZE]
1981 Jul;147(1):36-45.
Woolkalis MJ, PhD (Thomas Jefferson University
Jefferson Medical College
Department of Physiology
Associate Professor)
Baumann P, PhD. (Asst. investigator Stowers Institute of Medical Research)
The evolution of alkaline phosphatase was studied in marine species of Vibrio. Two antisera prepared against purified alkaline phosphatases from Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio harveyi were used to estimate the amino acid sequence divergence of this enzyme in 51 strains belonging to nine species. The methods used were the quantitative microcomplement fixation technique and the Ouchterlony double-diffusion procedure. There was a high degree of congruence between the measurement of the amino acid sequence divergence of alkaline phosphatase and the percentage of deoxyribonucleic acid homology of the different organisms relative to both reference strains (correlation coefficient of -0.89) as well as between the amino acid sequence divergence of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (correlation coefficient of 0.92) relative to V. splendidus. These findings supported the view that the
evolution of marine species of Vibrio is primarily vertical and that horizontal evolution (involving genetic exchange between species), if significant, is restricted to a minor fraction of the bacterial genome.
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National Academies Press
Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World (1997)
National Research Council (
NRC)
Peter H. Raven. PhD
Missouri Botanical Garden,
P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, MO 63166-0299
Page 24
Biodiversity is the product of two complementary processes of evolution. The first is
vertical evolution of individual populations by changes in chromosome composition and gene frequency. During the process, biodiversity at the level of this hereditary unit grows or declines. But the number of species, the next level up, does not necessarily change as a result. The second evolutionary process, then, is the multiplication of species, often called speciation. In the course of vertical evolution, some species split into two or more daughter species; others do not.
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Columbia University
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE
course #
W3201Y
"HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY"
LECTURE SYLLABUS ‑ FALL 2005
Week 5 ‑‑ 3 October:
PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS (CONT.):
Principles of comparisons in biology ‑‑
horizontal versus vertical comparisons; Extrapolation of conclusions in diverse types of comparisons. Treatment of comparison in diverse fields of biology and other sciences.
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http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/macroevolution.html
The terms
macroevolution and microevolution were first coined in 1927 by the Russian entomologist Iurii Filipchenko (or Philipchenko, depending on the transliteration), in his German-language work
Variabilität und Variation, which was the first attempt to reconcile Mendelian genetics and evolution.
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Macro verus Micro evolution