Yes, we won't go into details of the ordinances. Full disclosure, as a former LDS, I have participated in all of the temple ordinances, numerous times.
Excellent. With those formalities out of the way, let's begin.
My main question is in specifically the purpose of temples and what goes on in them.
The purposes of the temple are:
1) A place of spiritual instruction.
2) A place where important covenants are made with God.
3) A place where important ordinances can be done for the dead.
4) The house of God.
To sum it up, the purpose of temples are to provide a way back to Heavenly Father.
Claiming to restore the ancient temple, there must be some sort of continuity with them in some sense if it is to be claimed a "restoration".
I'd like to see those claims. Please, provide a link or a quote where I can look at what you are referencing here. While the LDS doctrines are a restoration of the gospel taught by Christ, I'm not sure that we claim to have restored the ancient temple. At least, not in those exact terms.
We know that proxy baptisms and confirmations were not done, nor were eternal marriages.
Except, proxy batpisms were performed. If you choose to reject that notion, that's up to you, but I'm pretty sure the OP asked what the LDS thought about the topic.
1 Corinthians 15: 29
29. Else what shall they do which are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? why are they then baptized for the dead?
As an argument in support of the resurrection of the dead, Paul appeals to logic, explaining that it makes no sense for them to do baptisms for the dead if the dead did not rise.
Perhaps those are viewed as ordinances that came after the Old Testament temple. So then that would leave the Endowment. How do you view the Endowment in relation to what was going on in the Jerusalem Temple? Were they performing Endowments there?
Do you mean the Temple of Herod?
Exodus 26 discusses the Holy of Holies. This was divided from the Holy place by a veil. The outer court of the temple was used by the people. I'm not sure how much description of what took place in the Holy of Holies is described in the Bible. But then again, the Bible makes many comments about the mysteries of God and it is not surprising to me that this would be one of them.
I believe that they were performing Endowments there. I'd have to do some research to tell you what the stance of the Church is on the matter.
