So all we need to know is:
1. how is it known to all ages
2. The Holy See of Rome was founded by him
3. Jesus instituted primacy among the apostles.
#3 seems suspect on the grounds of how Jesus responded when the aspostles discussed who was greatest among themselves. (and they did so at seemingly inappropriate times as well)
Luke 22:20: Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
21 But, behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table.
22 And truly the Son of man goeth, as it was determined: but woe unto that man by whom he is betrayed!
23 And they began to inquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing.
24 And there was also a strife among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest.
25 And he said unto them,
The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors.
26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.
27 For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but
I am among you as he that serveth.
Luke9:42: And as he was yet a coming, the devil threw him down, and tare him. And Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, and healed the child, and delivered him again to his father.
43 And they were all amazed at the mighty power of God. But while they wondered every one at all things which Jesus did, he said unto his disciples,
44 Let these sayings sink down into your ears: for the Son of man shall be delivered into the hands of men.
45 But they understood not this saying, and it was hid from them, that they perceived it not: and they feared to ask him of that saying.
46 Then there arose a reasoning among them, which of them should be greatest.
47 And Jesus,
perceiving the thought of their heart, took a child, and set him by him,
48 And said unto them, Whosoever shall receive this child in my name receiveth me: and whosoever shall receive me receiveth him that sent me: for he that is least among you all, the same shall be great
49 And John answered and said, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name; and
we forbad him, because he followeth not with us.50 And Jesus said unto him,
Forbid him not: for he that is not against us is for us.
That forces a different concept of the necessity & nature of both ecclesiastical unity & apostolic succession. External form is not where essential unity resides.
He instituted the authority OF truth, not anyone's authority OVER truth.
The authority men wield is only as legitimate as whatever truth they hold in righteousness. No profligate sinner can be inerrant on faith & morals despite his impeccable pedigree or the collusion of his peers.
The previous scriptures illustrate this pretty plainly.
The rationalizations for papal authority rely on almost cryptic symbology & overbearing OT, pre-grace modeling.