Critias said:
Let me ask you, why do you think the Bible talks about birds and adds in a bat in the sub-category?
Do you think it might possibly be because the word 'owph means all flying creatures? It can even be used for insects as well as birds.
The word "owph" is a very tricky word. It can apparently mean different things, depending on the context and other descriptive words that accompany it. In Genesis 1:20, it is referring strictly to fowl or actual birds. As you pointed out, it can also refer to winged insects. As I said, context is important.
So, with that in mind, let's look at the context. The passage in question refers to the stork, heron, eagle, lapwing, etc. So what are we talking about here? Based on this context, what type of animal is being discussed? Insects? In this context, it appears that the author was talking about birds, especially considering that a whole seperate section is written to discuss other creatures that might get the "owph" descriptor, namely insects. More generally, are there any other passages in this part of Leviticus that mix animal types? When the author writes about fish, he mentions fish. When he is writing about mammals, he mentions only mammals. When he writes about insects, he mentions only insects. The trend is quite obvious.
With the rest of the verses making so much sense as they are, I think it is illogical to assume that the author would have broken form for this one particular creature. What is more likely is that the author, not having the benefit of modern science as we do, saw the bat flying through the air and mistakenly believed it to be a bird. And, really, why wouldn't you think so? Without examining a bat up close, it's a perfectly understandable thing to do. And considering that the passage in question is actually telling us that the bat is loathsome, what motivation would the author have to get close enough to a bat to figure out that it's not a bird after all?
Obviously, this is not the only possible answer. But it is the more logical answer, I believe.
It's the same basic idea with the cud-chewing hare problem. The hare definitely does not chew the cud. But there it is, in black and white, don't eat the hare that cheweth the cud. Now, we can go into all sorts of outlandish explanations about the hare eating his droppings, so this is kinda sorta like chewing the cud. Or, more logically, we can just say that if the author of Leviticus saw a hare munching away, it would appear to be chewing his cud, just like the cow does. And again, since the passage in question is actually telling us that the hare is unclean and that we should avoid it, what motivation would the author have to get close enough to the hare to see that, nope, he's not actually chewing his cud?
Again, this is merely the most logical solution, not the only solution. But, really, does it matter? Don't eat birds, don't eat rabbits. Ok, got it, let's not get hung up on the details.