Is it right for a Christian to serve in the military?
Through the centuries, Christians have been forced to do serious thinking concerning the rightfulness of serving in the military. The abuse of force by so-called Christian rulers and nations in wars fought for wrongful or mixed motives has often been an affront to the gospel. Deeply distressed by these abuses, some Christians have concluded they should be pacifists, unwilling to participate in warfare. Today the Mennonites, who are usually willing to be consistent with their beliefs, are strongly pacifistic. They would rather die than take the life of another. Frequently, they serve as medics in battle, risking their own lives to save the lives of others.
In spite of our respect for sincere conscientious objectors, there is important scriptural evidence indicating that pacifism isn't the only Christian option.
At the time of Christ, the Roman Empire was at the peak of its power. Roman troops controlled a vast area stretching from England to the Black Sea and from the Rhine River to the deserts of North Africa. But though it was the most powerful government in the world, Rome was terribly corrupt. Few modern nations could rival the degree of its decadence.
In spite of Roman corruption, the apostle Paul clearly set forth the basic principle that secular government is God's agent to maintain the rule of law on earth (
Romans 13:1-7 ). Because Paul addressed this principle to the Christian community in Rome, we can conclude that governmental corruption doesn't overrule the need for governmental authority. Affirming the legitimacy of governmental authority carries some implications regarding the appropriateness of Christian service in the military. But even more telling is the fact that Christians were not forbidden to serve in the army either by Scripture or by the counsel of the early church fathers -- even though the Roman army served a government that was often far from ideal in its dedication to justice!
The fact that Christians served in the Roman military with no hint of the disapproval of Jesus, Paul, the New Testament, or the early church fathers makes it difficult to conclude that Christians are ethically bound to avoid serving in armed forces of modern states.
If independent nations didn't protect themselves with military force, nothing would limit the power of predatory states. It's impossible to imagine how peaceful, civilized life could exist without the influence of governmental power through police, courts, and legislatures.
Christian police and military personnel face special ethical challenges, but they also have unique opportunities for Christian service. This is borne out both by the scriptural record and by history. In spite of Rome's corruption, her centurions were widely respected as men of competence and integrity. Polybius wrote that centurions "were chosen by merit, and so were men remarkable not so much for their daring courage as for their deliberation, constancy, and strength of mind." All of the centurions mentioned in the New Testament are praised as Christians, God-fearers, or men of good character (
Matthew 8:5,8,13;27:54 ;
Mark 15:39,44-45 ;
Luke 7:2,6;23:47 ;
Acts 10:1,22;21:32;22:25-26;23:17,23;24:23;27:1,6,11,31,43;28:16 ).
Probably more often than a civilian, a soldier may have to take a stand that will risk his career or life. According to
Foxe's Book Of Martyrs, the centurion who was held responsible to execute James had himself executed at the same time. Numerous German officers during World War II were tortured to death for their opposition to Hitler. On many occasions, a Christian soldier or police officer may be in a unique position to dispense justice, protect the innocent, and bring honor to the name of Jesus Christ.
Written by: Dan Vander Lugt
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2003 RBC Ministries-Grand Rapids MI, 49555-0001