The Orthodox Church specifically holds one of two Roman Catholic alternative beliefs, teaching that Mary died a natural death, like any human being; that her soul was received by Christ upon death; and that her body was
resurrected on the third day after her repose, at which time she was taken up, bodily only, into
heaven when the apostles, miraculously transported from the ends of the earth, found her tomb to be empty.
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While some Roman Catholics agree with the Orthodox that this happened after Mary's death, others hold that she did not experience death and she was "assumed" into heaven in bodily form, just as her son
Jesus ascended. However,
Pope Pius XII alludes to the fact of her death at least five times, but left open the question of whether or not Mary actually underwent death in connection with her departure, in his
Apostolic constitution,
Munificentissimus Deus (1950), which dogmatically defined
ex cathedra (
i.e., infallibly) the
Assumption.