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As you go through the Bible you will notice that it is full of dates and events, the casual reader will just breeze past them without giving them much thought. The keen reader will become curious and wonder why God is so adamant about giving such specific times for events which have transpired; and, if your thoughts have reached this point then you will understand that dates imply a calendar, and calendar is connected to astronomy: and if you have reached this point in your thoughts then you will have to ask yourself about the origins of this calendar in the Bible.
If you look up every passage that has month in it you will see immmediately that the Bible doesn't use any of the names of the months of which we are familiar with today, nor does it name the days of the week as we have, but simply numbers them. The names which do exist in Scripture however reveal some very telling things about the history of the Hebrews:
1st Day = Yom Rishon (Sunday)
2nd Day = Yom Sheni (Monday)
3rd Day = Yom Shleshi (Tuesday)
4th Day = Yom Revii (Wednesday)
5th Day = Yom Chamishi (Thursday)
6th Day = Yom Shishi (Friday)
7th Day = Yom Shabuah/Shabbat (Saturday)
1st Month = Abib = Nisan (March-April)
2nd Month = Zif/Ziv = Iyyar (April-May)
3rd Month = Sivan (May-June)
4th Month = Tammuz (June-July)
5th Month = Av (July-August)
6th Month = Elul (August-September)
7th Month = Ethanim = Tishri (September-October)
8th Month = Bul = Marchesvan (October-November)
9th Month = Kislev/Chislev/Chisleu (November-December)
10th Month = Tebeth (December-January)
11th Month = Shebat (January-Februrary)
12th Month = Adar (Februrary-March)
From rigth to left we have our modern Roman months, and the reason why they are counted from the middle of the month is because when you align their days according to biblical calendar--according to the vernal equinox--this will cause you to observe the current Roman months in the middle of their month as opposed to when they begin according to the Roman reckoning; prior to these the Hebrews were using the Babylonian names after they were dominated and freed from Babylon; and long before their Babylonian captivity we see that for the 2nd, 7th, and 8th Months that the Hebrews were using some names from the Canaanites; and, prior to this we only have the 1st Month being named abib which is the Hebrew word for "spring": and this perfectly reflects the time the Hebrews spent in Canaan and Egypt, and what God told Moses to name the 1st Month when He freed the children of Israel in his 80th Year which is 3,919 Years from Adam; and prior to this the Hebrews have no names for any of their months or days of the week, and this agrees perfectly with the narrative in Genesis where the story of Noah is the first time we read of months and days of the year. Now the earliest mention of time is the creation week, and it is on the 1st Day that time is mentioned when Moses writes:
"In the beginning[...]"
The 1st Day or Day 1 is when God creates the light and the darkness and defines, and distinguishes between them by calling the light "Day" and the darkness "Night". On the 3rd Day God creates the plant life from the earth which implies that God begins the year in spring, and not the fall as the modern Hebrews do. On the 4th Day is when God creates the luminaries to give light upon the earth and to divide the day from the night, and to be for signs, seasons, days, and years: therefore this is also the same day in which the calendar year begins with the Sun as the leader for God made it the "Greater Light" while He made the Moon the "Lesser Light". We will ignore the falsehood preached today which says many things contrary to the Word of God concerning the world and the luminaries, as they are taught by men who never went to these distant places they claim to have measured nor have they created them.
Now that we know the year begins in the spring on the 4th Day we have the following calendar layout:
1st Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_________01 02 03 04
We see that God created the luminaries on the 4th Day in the 1st Day of the 1st Month; the creatures which swim and fly on the 5th Day in the 2nd Day of the same month; the animals of the earth and man on the 6th Day in the 3rd Day of the same month; and, finally instituted the Sabbath on the 7th Day in the 4th Day of the 1st Month. So we know that 7 Days = 1 Week because God worked from Day 1 to Day 6 and rested on the 7th Day. This is the history of the first 4 Days of the 1st Month of the 1st Year of the world.
As regards the length of the day we learn this indirectly from the story of Noah as the Flood began in his 600th Year in the 17th Day of the 2nd Month; and ended in his 601st Year in the 27th Day of the 2nd Month: this means the base solar year is 360 Days as we learn this from the following words:
"But God remembered Noah and all the beasts and all the cattle that were with him in the ark; and God caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the water subsided. Also the fountains of the deep and the floodgates of the sky were closed, and the rain from the sky was restrained; and the water receded steadily from the earth, and at the end of 150 Days the water decreased. In the 7th Month, on the 17th Day of the month, the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat."
Genesis 8:1-4 NASB1995 (empahsis added mine)
This means from the time the Flood began in the 17th Day of the 1st Month to the resting of the Ark on the mountains of Ararat in the 17th Day of the 7th Month are 150 Days/5 Months:
150 Days ÷ 5 Months = 30 Days per Month
To prove this let us layout the solar calendar year...
1st Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
2nd Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 (Flood Noah's 600th Year)
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
3rd Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
After laying out the first quarter of the year we see that it is impossible to return back to the starting point of the year without intercalating 1 Day between each quarter. Let us continue laying out the rest of the year...
4th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
5th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
6th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
7th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (The Ark rests upon Ararat)
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
8th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
9th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
10th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
11th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
12th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
We see that after having laid out the year completely common sense would dictate that you need to intercalate 4 Days in between each quarter to start the following year on the 4th Day of the week (e.g. Wednesday); and these 4 Days are connected to the the 2 Equinoxes and the 2 Solstices or 4 Seasons of the year. Only a fool would continue to say otherwise as they have not laid out the year for themselves or applied any critical thinking. And while it seems that these intercalary days are inserted at the end of each quarter they are actually placed at the head of the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th Months: this means that the equinoxes and solstices always occur 1 Day before the beginning of the aforesaid months. The Word of God has taught us that nature begins the year in the spring for God began creation in the spring; the day comes before the night because God made the Sun greater than the Moon; and, the day begins in the morning for God said, "Let there be light." and in nature we see that the darkness comes after the evening, and goes before the morning light shines.
With all of this important information out of the way the calculations for the rest of the year are easy to follow:
Solar Year & Day
1 Year = 364 Days
1 Year = 360 Days
1 Year = 52 Weeks
1 Year = 12 Months
1 Year = 4 Seasons
1 Season = 91 Days
1 Season = 13 Weeks
1 Season = 3 Months
1 Month = 30 Days
1 Week = 7 Days
1 Day = 12 Hours
1 Day = Morning to Evening
1 Day = Light
The length of the day is arrived at by observing the words of Christ and Nehemiah:
"Jesus answered, “Are there not 12 hours in the day? If anyone walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world."
John 11:9 NASB1995
"Now on the 24th day of this month the sons of Israel assembled with fasting, in sackcloth and with dirt upon them. The descendants of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their fathers. While they stood in their place, they read from the book of the law of the Lord their God for a fourth of the day; and for another fourth they confessed and worshiped the Lord their God."
Nehemiah 9:1-3 NASB1995 (empahsis added mine)
The math for these numbers is simple...
12 Hours ÷ 4 Quarters = 3 Hours per Quarter
...therefore the Israelites began their reading from Moses in the morning until the 3rd Hour of the day, and from the 3rd Hour they confessed and worshipped YHWH until the 6th Hour at noon. If we assume a 12 Hour Day = 6a-6p....
1st Hour = 6a-7a
2nd Hour = 7a-8a
3rd Hour = 8a-9a
4th Hour = 9a-10a
5th Hour = 10a-11a
6th Hour = 11a-12p
7th Hour = 12p-1p
8th Hour = 1p-2p
9th Hour = 2p-3p
10th Hour = 3p-4p
11th Hour = 4p-5p
12th Hour = 5p-6p
This reckoning agrees with the timing of Christ's crucifixion at the 6th Hour and the darkness which came over the land from then until the 9th Hour.
And if this wasn't enough evidence from Scripture we only need to consult the Dead Sea Scrolls which laid out the calendar found in the writings of Qumran the same way:
For those who want the details I have attached the full English translation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the calendrical writings are from pp.398-458. And if you want a visual of what is written by the Qumran community in detail concerning the calendar layout I have also attached the appropriate .pdf files showing my work in this area as well.
If you look up every passage that has month in it you will see immmediately that the Bible doesn't use any of the names of the months of which we are familiar with today, nor does it name the days of the week as we have, but simply numbers them. The names which do exist in Scripture however reveal some very telling things about the history of the Hebrews:
1st Day = Yom Rishon (Sunday)
2nd Day = Yom Sheni (Monday)
3rd Day = Yom Shleshi (Tuesday)
4th Day = Yom Revii (Wednesday)
5th Day = Yom Chamishi (Thursday)
6th Day = Yom Shishi (Friday)
7th Day = Yom Shabuah/Shabbat (Saturday)
1st Month = Abib = Nisan (March-April)
2nd Month = Zif/Ziv = Iyyar (April-May)
3rd Month = Sivan (May-June)
4th Month = Tammuz (June-July)
5th Month = Av (July-August)
6th Month = Elul (August-September)
7th Month = Ethanim = Tishri (September-October)
8th Month = Bul = Marchesvan (October-November)
9th Month = Kislev/Chislev/Chisleu (November-December)
10th Month = Tebeth (December-January)
11th Month = Shebat (January-Februrary)
12th Month = Adar (Februrary-March)
From rigth to left we have our modern Roman months, and the reason why they are counted from the middle of the month is because when you align their days according to biblical calendar--according to the vernal equinox--this will cause you to observe the current Roman months in the middle of their month as opposed to when they begin according to the Roman reckoning; prior to these the Hebrews were using the Babylonian names after they were dominated and freed from Babylon; and long before their Babylonian captivity we see that for the 2nd, 7th, and 8th Months that the Hebrews were using some names from the Canaanites; and, prior to this we only have the 1st Month being named abib which is the Hebrew word for "spring": and this perfectly reflects the time the Hebrews spent in Canaan and Egypt, and what God told Moses to name the 1st Month when He freed the children of Israel in his 80th Year which is 3,919 Years from Adam; and prior to this the Hebrews have no names for any of their months or days of the week, and this agrees perfectly with the narrative in Genesis where the story of Noah is the first time we read of months and days of the year. Now the earliest mention of time is the creation week, and it is on the 1st Day that time is mentioned when Moses writes:
"In the beginning[...]"
The 1st Day or Day 1 is when God creates the light and the darkness and defines, and distinguishes between them by calling the light "Day" and the darkness "Night". On the 3rd Day God creates the plant life from the earth which implies that God begins the year in spring, and not the fall as the modern Hebrews do. On the 4th Day is when God creates the luminaries to give light upon the earth and to divide the day from the night, and to be for signs, seasons, days, and years: therefore this is also the same day in which the calendar year begins with the Sun as the leader for God made it the "Greater Light" while He made the Moon the "Lesser Light". We will ignore the falsehood preached today which says many things contrary to the Word of God concerning the world and the luminaries, as they are taught by men who never went to these distant places they claim to have measured nor have they created them.
Now that we know the year begins in the spring on the 4th Day we have the following calendar layout:
1st Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_________01 02 03 04
We see that God created the luminaries on the 4th Day in the 1st Day of the 1st Month; the creatures which swim and fly on the 5th Day in the 2nd Day of the same month; the animals of the earth and man on the 6th Day in the 3rd Day of the same month; and, finally instituted the Sabbath on the 7th Day in the 4th Day of the 1st Month. So we know that 7 Days = 1 Week because God worked from Day 1 to Day 6 and rested on the 7th Day. This is the history of the first 4 Days of the 1st Month of the 1st Year of the world.
As regards the length of the day we learn this indirectly from the story of Noah as the Flood began in his 600th Year in the 17th Day of the 2nd Month; and ended in his 601st Year in the 27th Day of the 2nd Month: this means the base solar year is 360 Days as we learn this from the following words:
"But God remembered Noah and all the beasts and all the cattle that were with him in the ark; and God caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the water subsided. Also the fountains of the deep and the floodgates of the sky were closed, and the rain from the sky was restrained; and the water receded steadily from the earth, and at the end of 150 Days the water decreased. In the 7th Month, on the 17th Day of the month, the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat."
Genesis 8:1-4 NASB1995 (empahsis added mine)
This means from the time the Flood began in the 17th Day of the 1st Month to the resting of the Ark on the mountains of Ararat in the 17th Day of the 7th Month are 150 Days/5 Months:
150 Days ÷ 5 Months = 30 Days per Month
To prove this let us layout the solar calendar year...
1st Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
2nd Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 (Flood Noah's 600th Year)
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
3rd Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
After laying out the first quarter of the year we see that it is impossible to return back to the starting point of the year without intercalating 1 Day between each quarter. Let us continue laying out the rest of the year...
4th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
5th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
6th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
7th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (The Ark rests upon Ararat)
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
8th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
9th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
10th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_____[01] 01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 09 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30______
11th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
_______________01 02
03 04 05 06 07 08 09
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
12th Month
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
08 09 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 [01]___________
We see that after having laid out the year completely common sense would dictate that you need to intercalate 4 Days in between each quarter to start the following year on the 4th Day of the week (e.g. Wednesday); and these 4 Days are connected to the the 2 Equinoxes and the 2 Solstices or 4 Seasons of the year. Only a fool would continue to say otherwise as they have not laid out the year for themselves or applied any critical thinking. And while it seems that these intercalary days are inserted at the end of each quarter they are actually placed at the head of the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th Months: this means that the equinoxes and solstices always occur 1 Day before the beginning of the aforesaid months. The Word of God has taught us that nature begins the year in the spring for God began creation in the spring; the day comes before the night because God made the Sun greater than the Moon; and, the day begins in the morning for God said, "Let there be light." and in nature we see that the darkness comes after the evening, and goes before the morning light shines.
With all of this important information out of the way the calculations for the rest of the year are easy to follow:
Solar Year & Day
1 Year = 364 Days
1 Year = 360 Days
1 Year = 52 Weeks
1 Year = 12 Months
1 Year = 4 Seasons
1 Season = 91 Days
1 Season = 13 Weeks
1 Season = 3 Months
1 Month = 30 Days
1 Week = 7 Days
1 Day = 12 Hours
1 Day = Morning to Evening
1 Day = Light
The length of the day is arrived at by observing the words of Christ and Nehemiah:
"Jesus answered, “Are there not 12 hours in the day? If anyone walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world."
John 11:9 NASB1995
"Now on the 24th day of this month the sons of Israel assembled with fasting, in sackcloth and with dirt upon them. The descendants of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their fathers. While they stood in their place, they read from the book of the law of the Lord their God for a fourth of the day; and for another fourth they confessed and worshiped the Lord their God."
Nehemiah 9:1-3 NASB1995 (empahsis added mine)
The math for these numbers is simple...
12 Hours ÷ 4 Quarters = 3 Hours per Quarter
...therefore the Israelites began their reading from Moses in the morning until the 3rd Hour of the day, and from the 3rd Hour they confessed and worshipped YHWH until the 6th Hour at noon. If we assume a 12 Hour Day = 6a-6p....
1st Hour = 6a-7a
2nd Hour = 7a-8a
3rd Hour = 8a-9a
4th Hour = 9a-10a
5th Hour = 10a-11a
6th Hour = 11a-12p
7th Hour = 12p-1p
8th Hour = 1p-2p
9th Hour = 2p-3p
10th Hour = 3p-4p
11th Hour = 4p-5p
12th Hour = 5p-6p
This reckoning agrees with the timing of Christ's crucifixion at the 6th Hour and the darkness which came over the land from then until the 9th Hour.
And if this wasn't enough evidence from Scripture we only need to consult the Dead Sea Scrolls which laid out the calendar found in the writings of Qumran the same way:
For those who want the details I have attached the full English translation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the calendrical writings are from pp.398-458. And if you want a visual of what is written by the Qumran community in detail concerning the calendar layout I have also attached the appropriate .pdf files showing my work in this area as well.
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