KSP...
It is extremely important to know HOW to interpret scripture...
The proper method is very simple.
1. What was the message to the original audience.
2. What is the timeless/eternal principle God is teaching us through that passage.
3. How do we apply that principle to our society today.
There are some things talked about in scripture that refer to cultural issues that are just different from our American culture. For example, we dont have slavery today-- but that doesnt mean we dont throw out the book of Philemon, but rather we can draw wisdom in how for employers to deal with employees.
First, you address the issue of women wearing pants...
It is true that in America, women did not wear pants until the 1940s. It is also true that in other countries (especially in the east), women have worn pants for many centuries as part of a womans outfit. A great example of this is to just look at the saris worn by Indian women, many of which include pants underneath for additional modesty. You say that we are trying to just look at things through 21st century eyes... yet that is exactly my point. Those who propose that pants are only mens clothing are ONLY looking through early 20th century American eyes and not realizing that clothing styles vary from place to place throughout the centuries. Women in certain parts of the world were wearing pants at the time of Christ -- and not to look like a man either. (Just think genie pants worn by harem girls).
We both agree that women should not try to look like men and vice versa. The difference is that many in the Holiness movement are still trapped in rules and regulations that may have been appropriate for a specific point in time, but not for all time/places. If pants were considered mens clothing, then it would be wrong for women to wear them. Any trip to your local department store, however, will show that there are more styles and cuts of pants made for a woman than for a man-- in patterns and materials that no man I know of would ever wear. These are designed and cut specifically for a womans body shape, hence they even have a different sizing system etc.
As to cutting hair...
I gave information regarding the culture into which Paul was writing. He did not stop and explain to the Corinthians what their culture was, because they already knew their culture. Proper women did not go out into public at all without their head (including face) covered by a veil-- this is very much the same as it is in strict Muslim countries today. To not wear a veil was considered to be extremely immodest-- wanton actually. I have already discussed the issue of temple prostitution. Paul was telling these women not to look promiscuous. In fact, Paul, being sarcastic, actually goes as far as to say that if a woman was not going to wear a veil, then she should go ahead and shave her head completely. Women in the church of Corinth were flaunting the freedom they had in Christ by throwing off their veils, etc. as part of a worlds culture that they were no longer part of. By doing so, they had brought disdain on the body of Christ. Paul was actually telling the women to dress like the rest of the women around them so that they didnt attract so much attention to themselves. And, of course, there is that pesky little verse at the end-- if any man is contentious, we have no such custom. In other words, Paul was trying to make it clear that this was specific instructions for a specific situation-- not something that HAD to apply to everyone everywhere.
Now, as to the 1 Timothy passage (broided hair) You are correct about the Greek word, but wrong about the definition. The following is from a Strongs Dictionary:
Strong's Number: 4117
Plegma
1. what is woven, plaited, or twisted together
2. a web, plait, braid
3. of a net
4. of a basket, in which the infant Moses was laid
5. of braided hair
It refers specifically to hair that is braided, woven, or twisted together ( no mention at all of jewels as you said). In other words, French twists, braids, etc. would all be outlawed if this was intended to be a literal command for all time. In fact, the little pentecostal buns would be outlawed, since they are made by twisting the hair repeatedly, then wrapping it into a bun.