Adam was the first of
us (more detail -- see below the ====) -- the first modern human with a
God breathed spirit (Genesis chapter 2) (and this special extra thing given to us makes us radically different from other creatures) -- and from this special God-breathed spirit, Adam thus was given the first human soul, accountable on the Day of Judgement. That's not the same as the first human type of course, nor even the first homo sapien (which are 250,000 years or more old).
But how have humans evolved over the last 100,000 years? Here is a summary:
Physical and genetic changes have occurred within our species and will continue to occur at a basic level as new genes evolve. However, these changes may not be as dramatic as they were in the past as the situation today does not favour the evolution of a new human species.
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... Adam (we read) was the
first human being to be given a specifically
God-breathed spirit.
(and not like Neanderthals and other types, but the first of us)
Spirit is associated to wind and air and the Breath of God, and you'll recognize this in a very very famous verse you may know by heart.
And with that he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit." --
John 20:22
God breathed Life (as in with a capital "L") into Adam -- so Adam was not yet subject to death at that time.
This gift of
spirit created in Adam the
first-ever human soul that would then be accountable to God on the Day of Judgement to come.
Making Adam the
first of us.
All other hominids (Neanderthals, etc.) and even modern humans that were already created in day 6 of creation did
not have God-breathed spirit/souls that will be accountable on the Day of Judgement.
So, Adam was the first of us humans that will be Judged on the Day of Judgment.
There is more we can notice once we see this...
For example, also when Cain murdered his brother Abel and then was exiled to travel off to the
land of Nod, and had a wife there, it seems likely that instead of marrying a sister, Cain
found a wife there, from peoples that already lived there, humans from Day 6....
This does raise one really interesting question though. Did those other humans in the land of Nod already living there....did they have souls accountable to God on the Day of Judgement?
We are not told if after God gave Adam the
first-ever soul accountable to God on the Day of Judgement whether God might
also have then given all other
already living humans outside the Garden souls also.
Maybe. Maybe He then gave accountable souls to all living humans outside (after the fall in the Garden, as Adam and Eve were ejected) -- all that are our type, not Neanderthals but all the modern humans, who look just like us.
This and many small details about very many things are not told to us. God is instead in the scripture teaching us lessons about life for us today --
for me and you for our lives today!
About how we should live.
I try to always carefully remember what is told to us, and what is left for us to try to guess at, and not confuse the 2.