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How do you define faith?

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ragarth

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(This will get very solipsistic very quickly).

What proof do you have. How are you not having faith (aka, having some axioms from which you derive the idea that) your proof is actually proof of what you claim it to be proof of?

I think I've already stated this, one can believe in something without faith if there's a logical or rational basis for it even in the absence of proof/evidence (to be precise, I'm defining proof as being approximately synonymous with evidence, logic is not necessarily proof). Let's expand on this a little bit using the gravity analogy.

I've experienced gravity my entire life, it's been very consistent, and it's followed the laws as laid down by Isaac Newton around 400 years ago. In that time there has been no substantiated claim of gravity failing. I just tested this by picking up my leatherman and dropping it- I'm happy to report it did indeed fall. Given this historical evidence of gravity being consistent, it is logical to assume that it will be consistent in the future, therefore there is a logical basis in the belief that gravity will function in 10 minutes.

The existence of this logical basis for the belief in the continued functioning of gravity means I can believe that gravity will be functioning in 10 minutes without a reliance on faith. I do not artificially inflate my belief in gravity because there is no logic or proof to the contrary. If in the next five minutes gravity suddenly fails me for a few moments, then returns, I will not continue to believe in the infallibility of gravity, to do so would require an act of faith.
 
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lawtonfogle

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I think I've already stated this, one can believe in something without faith if there's a logical or rational basis for it even in the absence of proof/evidence (to be precise, I'm defining proof as being approximately synonymous with evidence, logic is not necessarily proof). Let's expand on this a little bit using the gravity analogy.

I've experienced gravity my entire life, it's been very consistent, and it's followed the laws as laid down by Isaac Newton around 400 years ago. In that time there has been no substantiated claim of gravity failing. I just tested this by picking up my leatherman and dropping it- I'm happy to report it did indeed fall. Given this historical evidence of gravity being consistent, it is logical to assume that it will be consistent in the future, therefore there is a logical basis in the belief that gravity will function in 10 minutes.

The existence of this logical basis for the belief in the continued functioning of gravity means I can believe that gravity will be functioning in 10 minutes without a reliance on faith. I do not artificially inflate my belief in gravity because there is no logic or proof to the contrary. If in the next five minutes gravity suddenly fails me for a few moments, then returns, I will not continue to believe in the infallibility of gravity, to do so would require an act of faith.

Is this actually logical? I would say not, at least without a premise which would make it so (such as if X has been around constantly, has always worked, ect.). Such a premise would be an axiom (or it to would have been derived from axioms).

I am not asking you if there is a logical basis in any one case, but if a logical basis in any case, and for you to show me without resorting to some form of assumptions which can in no way be justified, that there is a logical basis.
 
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ragarth

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Is this actually logical? I would say not, at least without a premise which would make it so (such as if X has been around constantly, has always worked, ect.). Such a premise would be an axiom (or it to would have been derived from axioms).

I am not asking you if there is a logical basis in any one case, but if a logical basis in any case, and for you to show me without resorting to some form of assumptions which can in no way be justified, that there is a logical basis.

Why don't we just cut to the chase and get to the topic you're dancing around? Perception. I perceive things through my senses, they are my only method by which information enters my brain. A common statement is that I must have faith in the accuracy of my senses, otherwise nothing is derivable. If I drop a rock and it falls, it is my senses that tell me this and so I must trust my senses to be accurate in reporting to me the rock dropping.

I disagree that one must have faith in the senses for the information reported by them to be accepted. We can do this in multiple ways- my favorite of which is via Occam's Razor. Basically between two hypothesis (my senses are reporting truthfully/my senses are falsified) one can ascertain which is more likely to be truthful by looking at which requires fewer assumptions to be true.

For my senses to be truthful requires that they be neutrally reporting existing phenomena, logically information flows from the outside world, to my senses, to my brain.

For my senses to be falsified requires the artificial influence of an external force, this induces a new step because for the influence of this external force to be false then there must be an alternate, true input that is either being denied me or manipulated as it comes to me. Without this alternate, true reality, the reality given to me is indeed the true reality and therefore my senses are true. This denial/recreation and/or manipulation is the step that makes this hypothesis less likely to be true when put to Occam's Razor.

Given this, I can believe that my senses report truthfully in the absence of pure evidential proof and not have faith in this because my belief is based on a logical basis, not on an artificial inflation of my belief in my senses.
 
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HighwayMan

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good faith - the ability to keep an open mind to things outside our natural reality. "proof" becomes a useless term because what is being believed in is outside the realm of physical evidence. You can not as much as ask for "proof" of God as you can ask for a dissertation on string theory using only colors.

bad faith - seen as a magical power of some sort that you need to reach a required level of before the moment of your death or else you face eternal consequences. Also stubbornness in persisting with irrational ideas for fear of facing these eternal consequences if you do not.
 
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lawtonfogle

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Why don't we just cut to the chase and get to the topic you're dancing around? Perception. I perceive things through my senses, they are my only method by which information enters my brain. A common statement is that I must have faith in the accuracy of my senses, otherwise nothing is derivable. If I drop a rock and it falls, it is my senses that tell me this and so I must trust my senses to be accurate in reporting to me the rock dropping.

I disagree that one must have faith in the senses for the information reported by them to be accepted. We can do this in multiple ways- my favorite of which is via Occam's Razor. Basically between two hypothesis (my senses are reporting truthfully/my senses are falsified) one can ascertain which is more likely to be truthful by looking at which requires fewer assumptions to be true.

For my senses to be truthful requires that they be neutrally reporting existing phenomena, logically information flows from the outside world, to my senses, to my brain.

For my senses to be falsified requires the artificial influence of an external force, this induces a new step because for the influence of this external force to be false then there must be an alternate, true input that is either being denied me or manipulated as it comes to me. Without this alternate, true reality, the reality given to me is indeed the true reality and therefore my senses are true. This denial/recreation and/or manipulation is the step that makes this hypothesis less likely to be true when put to Occam's Razor.

Given this, I can believe that my senses report truthfully in the absence of pure evidential proof and not have faith in this because my belief is based on a logical basis, not on an artificial inflation of my belief in my senses.

But, you failed here in that you constructed your argument to allow for things which made it so you can prove your senses work. See, for your senses to work, you must be neutrally reporting some world. Also, some world must exist. That world must also be able to be sensed by your sense.

For your senses to be responding falsely requires assumptions about a reality as well.

But, there is a third choice. Your senses report something which is not false as in there is a correct and this is not it, but which is a report which has no truth value. In other words, we simplify by removing the reality your senses perceive. The assumptions of the first two can be broken into two set. The assumptions of your senses, and the assumptions of the reality you sense. We will now change one assumption, which is the assumption that your senses are receiving data from some reality, either correctly or incorrectly. We will instead say they are receiving the data from machine X. We will then define the reality in which X exist, but we will cut away the assumptions so that X is composed of fewer assumptions about it than the reality you think we perceive (this is doable because this reality does not need any assumptions about it being able to be sensed).

And even if you completely disagree with this, let me ask this. Do you have faith in occam's razor? Is there an assumption it works?


Now that we have gotten though that, we can turn to the next subject. Logic. Why do you accept the axioms of logic? What ever you base this on then results if you having to justify that without resorting to logic.


There are some base axioms which we must take on faith. There is no justification for them, as there is nothing before these axioms. They include the likes of...

'My mentality exist.'
The axioms of logic (which ever calculus you so choose).
Occam's Razor (if you want it... not sure how you can justify it with normally accepted axioms, especially with it's uncertain nature (is usually the best solution)).

Now, in case you are wondering why I even bring up this issue. Members of my family on my moms side have for a few generations gone crazy (my mother hasn't, my grandmother did), and this included seeing things which were not there... feeling them and interacting with them as well. If this disease is indeed genetic, then there is some chance I have it as well (though sense it has, to my knowledge, only hit the females in the family, I may be safe). Thus, doubting the senses is something I am concerned about. And I truly do not think that Occam's razor fixes this problem. As if your senses are false, you only have to assume the detection of falsehoods. But if your senses are true, then you must assume all the things you sense, as well as the things you cannot. If my friend actually exist, then there are issues such as his mentality to deal with.
 
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quatona

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Is this actually logical?
Yes, it is.
(And if it can be shown to be logical your next argument can be "but you are basing everything on the premise ´logic´").
I would say not, at least without a premise which would make it so (such as if X has been around constantly, has always worked, ect.).
Since logic describes the way from a premise to a conclusion the idea that a conclusion that is based on a premise is therefore not logical is, well, funny.

The wording "the premise makes the conclusion logical" witnesses of a complete misunderstanding or misuse of the word "logical" in this case.
Such a premise would be an axiom (or it to would have been derived from axioms).
That there are constants in our world is an observation. We call them - a bit hyperbolic, maybe - "laws". Those constants can be explained, and that, how and why they won´t spontaneously change all by themselves can be explained, as well.
So, no, not necessarily an axiom.
Plus, even if there are axioms - would you like to see "axiom" and "faith" used as synonyms? I tend to find such attempts of defining words into synonyms suspicious, in that they are usually driven by the desire to hide more or less subtle differences between phenomena by using the same word for them.


I am not asking you if there is a logical basis in any one case, but if a logical basis in any case, and for you to show me without resorting to some form of assumptions which can in no way be justified, that there is a logical basis.
The assumption that the course of the sun and the planet will not change spontaneously tonight is not one that "can in no way be justified". Even if something very unusual happens tonight and the course of the sun and the planets changes drastically, the assumption that this would not happen tonight would still have been justified. The assumption that nothing extraordinary will happen tonight does not need to have a likelihood of 100% to be justified, by any reasonable standards.

I´m not sure you really want to argue against the difference between ordinary and extraordinary events. (Btw.: Else it could be easily shown that you don´t live your life anywhere close to being consistent with your beliefs).

Upon having read your further posts I have added:
I guess what frustrates me in these discussions is when a fundamental philosophical objection is thrown in late, or only in response to a detail question. I.e. if you don´t think that the existence of an outer world should be the premise of this discussion (which in itself I find a reasonable approach) you had better announced this early.
However, the point when discussing whether it´s reasonable to assume that the sun will rise as it always has risen at a predictable point in time, this is not the moment to come up with this fundamental objection that there is no sun and therefore no sun has ever risen.
(It´s like: We have been planning a long journey for months; every detail has been contemplated on, we have booked all the flights and rooms and stuff. Now there is one detail question to be considered: Will there be a bus from X to Y on Sundays? And out of the sudden I start arguing that there will not be a bus because busses don´t exist, X and Y don´t exist, an outer world doesn´t exist, you and I don´t exist and Sundays are but mental constructs, anyways. :D There is nothing wrong with these theories, they just violate everything that I factually and silently have agreed upon as our premises all the time.
The question, therefore, is not whether I take certain things axiomatically, but simply whether you and I base the discussion on the same premises (and whether these premises will reliably and consistently be applied and not be spontaneously changed in case of an argumentative gap).
In order to argue for the sun to rise tomorrow like it always has I do not even have to believe in an outer world, btw. (and as a matter of fact I don´t believe there is such). I can simply and pragmatically accept the sun, the earth and astronomy as useful premises in view of the fact that these cycles have been a collective experience. Thus, whatever a "sunrise" is (and "sunrise" is a wrong word anyways, even if we follow the established natural explanations ;-) ), and where and how this (collective) experience and the underlying "laws" are generated(illusion/external/internal/whatever) - it is reasonable and logical to assume these experiences will continue/happen again.


IOW: it takes a lot of semantic trickery to file the fact that people rely on the fact that the sun will rise tomorrow in the same category as the fact that people believe in the existence of "supernatural" entities and even think they know their properties.
 
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Andreusz

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I do not consider faith to be moral. While faith in and of itself does not do harm, there is nothing keeping it from being a justification to do harm, it is, in effect a bomb shelter within which ideas (whether good or bad ideas) cannot be touched by reason, proof, or rational thought. It is inherently irrational.

I agree wholeheartedly!
 
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ragarth

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But, you failed here in that you constructed your argument to allow for things which made it so you can prove your senses work. See, for your senses to work, you must be neutrally reporting some world. Also, some world must exist. That world must also be able to be sensed by your sense.

For your senses to be responding falsely requires assumptions about a reality as well.

But, there is a third choice. Your senses report something which is not false as in there is a correct and this is not it, but which is a report which has no truth value. In other words, we simplify by removing the reality your senses perceive. The assumptions of the first two can be broken into two set. The assumptions of your senses, and the assumptions of the reality you sense. We will now change one assumption, which is the assumption that your senses are receiving data from some reality, either correctly or incorrectly. We will instead say they are receiving the data from machine X. We will then define the reality in which X exist, but we will cut away the assumptions so that X is composed of fewer assumptions about it than the reality you think we perceive (this is doable because this reality does not need any assumptions about it being able to be sensed).

Wait wait wait, your first statement: 'But, you failed here in that you constructed your argument to allow for things which made it so you can prove your senses work.' Did you just argue that I failed to prove my position by succeeding to prove my position? Does that make any sense to you at all? I think I completely failed to understand your argument here, it was utterly nonsensical to me.

As per your 2nd series of statements, machine X is an assumption unto itself. We have no direct proof of machine X's existence, therefore we must assume machine X's existence in any hypothesis that relies upon machine X. Since a truthful reporting of senses does not require the existence of machine X, a truthful reporting has fewer assumptions and is therefore more likely to be correct.

And even if you completely disagree with this, let me ask this. Do you have faith in occam's razor? Is there an assumption it works?
No I don't, Occam's Razor makes logical sense to me. If I have a penny and put it under a cup, it's logical to assume it's still under that cup if I've seen nothing disturb it. It would take an additional assumption about reality for me to believe that penny is no longer there (somebody stole it, even though I have no proof). Therefore, Occam's Razor is logical, it has been consistently accurate in predicting the relative likelihood of events and hypothesis' for me. Note I said in predicting likelihood, not predicting events- One can believe something without faith and have that something still be wrong, so long as the evidence and logic available to them leans towards the idea of that something being true.

Now that we have gotten though that, we can turn to the next subject. Logic. Why do you accept the axioms of logic? What ever you base this on then results if you having to justify that without resorting to logic.
This is senseless, you argue as if you don't know what logic is. Logic is the very study of valid argumentation- of demonstration and inference. It is logical to say the sun is not a cherry pie. To argue the invalidity of logic is to take the idea of nihilism to the extreme and leaves us only with the statement 'The sun may or may not be a cherry pie, there is no way of ascertaining this'.

To say I must justify something without logic is stupid, it's saying 'you must justify something without justifying it'. But let's look at a few things:

1 + 1 = 2 If I have a hat and my hat is brown, then I have a brown hat
1 + 1 =\= 3 If I have a hat, and my hat is brown, then I do not have a red hat
If A and B then AB If I have a cat and I have a dog, then I have a dog and cat
1 - 1 = 0 If I have a brown hat, but it is not a bowler, then I have a brown hat that is not a bowler

This continues on up through complex logic. I like formal logic, when you see me make statements of 'if ... then ...' I am using formal logic to prove how statements A, B, C whether positive or negative produce conclusion D. The rules of logic make differentiation of this clear and concise, allowing a rapid analysis of the premise and conclusion so as to confirm it's validity.

If I have a hat and a cane, but do not have a suit, then I cannot dress up as an english gent.

Where my premise are that I have a hat, that I have a cane, and I do not have a suit.
My conclusion is that I cannot dress up as an english gent.

Validation of formal logic is tied very closely to the validation of math, because formal logic is effectively the math of ideas. 1 + 1 = 2, 2/2 = 1, etc etc etc. We can prove math and logic using rocks on the ground, there is an empirical basis for proving their basic parts, and then they build upon this empirical groundwork to produce complex statements.

So stating logic is illogical is to state that 2 + 2 =\= 4 in single space.

This is formal logic, it is very 'formal' and follows a set algorithm, I suggest you study it, if you're in college, take a course on logic. This stuff is amazingly useful. But to argue against it is silly, because to state logic does not exist is to state that the sun is cherry pie.

To sum it up, your argument makes no sense, you are arguing "it is, therefore it's not"
 
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naboo123

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Faith is a condition unique to humans in which the mind attributes uncertain and unknowable comprehensions to that of a superior being so as to justify it's own existence and function.

Without faith life loses meaning it is therefore encouraged and shared to keep the species alive and to facilitate community and co-operation.

It also suppresses negative emotional feedback that may otherwise disable an individual from continued normal function.
 
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Washington

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Faith is a condition unique to humans in which the mind attributes uncertain and unknowable comprehensions to that of a superior being so as to justify it's own existence and function.

Without faith life loses meaning it is therefore encouraged and shared to keep the species alive and to facilitate community and co-operation.

It also suppresses negative emotional feedback that may otherwise disable an individual from continued normal function.
That would better be called religious faith, one of many different kinds of faith.
 
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