"Heavens and earth" is covenant language. I believe the New Heaven/New Earth began at the destruction of Jerusalem and the entire Sinai Judaism in 70 AD.
"The Gentiles trampling Jerusalem for 42 months" is what preceded that destruction.
Quoting Adam Maarschalk:
In early 68 AD Jesus ben Gamala, one of the former high priests, gave a speech in which he described what was happening to Jerusalem because of the Zealots:
“And this place, which is adored by the habitable world, and honored by such as only know it by report, as far as the ends of the earth,
is trampled upon by these wild beasts born among ourselves” (
Wars 4.4.3).
So, according to this testimony, it was the Zealots who trampled Jerusalem, and they had a reputation for behaving like wild beasts. In what sense were they “Gentiles,” though? Consider what [1]
The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia and [2]
The Jewish Encyclopedia say about the use of the word “goy” in Scripture:
- “The Hebrew word goy (plural goyim) means ‘nation.’ In Biblical usage it is applied also to Israel: ‘Ye shall be unto Me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation’ (goy kadosh; Ex. 19:6).”
Source: “Gentiles,” The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia (New York, NY: The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Inc., 1941); Volume 4, p. 533.
- “In the Hebrew of the Bible ‘goi’ and its plural ‘goyyim’ originally meant ‘nation,’ and were applied both to Israelites and to non-Israelites (Gen. xii. 2, xvii. 20; Ex. xiii. 3, xxxii. 10; Deut. iv. 7; viii. 9, 14; Num. xiv. 12; Isa. i. 4, ix. 22; Jer. vii. 28).”
Source: “Gentile,” The Jewish Encyclopedia (New York, NY: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1905); Volume 5, p. 615.
There were indeed multiple nations that trampled Jerusalem from the fall of 66 AD until the spring of 70 AD
when the Romans were not in the city. Wikipedia gives
this summary of those who fought the hardest against the Romans:
“During the
Great Rebellion (66-70 CE)
the Galileans and Idumeans were the most adamant fighters against Rome; they fought the Romans to the death when many
Judeans were ready to accept peace terms.”
The Gentiles Trampled Jerusalem for 42 Months (Revelation 11:1-2)