I have studied the Greek stuff (Hermetic tradition) not Jewish mysticism, but of course there are similarities and differences. I know that the zodiac signs are used for various correspondences according the principles of the Sephiroth, but I am not familiar with the details. And I couldn't begin to tell you the relationship with Gematria. But I do know the major arcana relate to the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. In the Tarot, Gemini is the number 6, the Hebrew letter 'zayin', the Lovers.
The Sphinx is an amalgam of the four elements as represented by the fixed signs (bull/earth, lion/fire, eagle/water, man/air) These, of course are also presented as the four living creatures around the throne of God in heaven (Revelations 6-9) and in Ezekiel's vision of the chariot (1:10) Christian tradition also connects each with one of the four evangelists. John, for example is the eagle. IIRC the synoptics are Matthew/lion, Mark/bull, Luke/man. Or maybe Matthew & Mark should be the other way around.