[/color]
True, the early Hebrew culture had no developed idea of a place of eternal punishemnt, but they DID very much hold to an idea of the ressurrection from the dead, and eternal life.
ok
The Christians on the other hand did hold to a place of eternal punishment and suffering,
Absolutely, not!
as well as to a bodily ressurrection to new life eternal, be it in Heaven
ok
or Hell.
nope
I agree with you that in many older languages, and even in some modern ones, that WHICH words were used can at times be as important for interpretation as WHAT those words said, one leads to the other.
ok
From Bullinger's Appendixes:
"Hell" is the English rendering of two different Greek words in the New Testament
The English word is from the Anglo-Saxon
hel, Genitive case
helle = a hidden place, from the Anglo-Saxon
helan = to hide.
It is in the New Testament used as the translation of two Greek words :-
- [font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Gehenna. Greek geenna. This is the transliteration of the Hebrew Gai' Hinnom, that is to say the Valley of Hinnom or "the Valley" of [the sons of] Hinnom, where were the fires through which children were passed in the worship of Moloch. [/size][/font]
[font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]In the Old Testament Tophet was the Hebrew word used, because it was a place in this valley.
In our Lord's day the idolatry had ceased, but the fires were still continually burning there for the destruction of the refuse of Jerusalem. Hence, geenna was used for the fires of destruction associated with the judgment of God. Sometimes, "geenna of fire". See [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]2[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Kings 23:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]10[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Isaiah 30:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]33[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Jeremiah 7:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]31, 32[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 19:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]11-14[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1].
Geenna occurs 12 times, and is always rendered "hell", videlicet Matthew 5:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]22, 29, 30[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 10:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]28[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 18:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]9[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 23:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]15, 33[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Mark 9:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]43, 45, 47[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Luke 12:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]5[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. James 3:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]6[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. [/size][/font]
- [font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Hades. Greek hades, from a (privative) and idein, to see (Appendix 133. I. i); used by the Greeks for the unseen world. [/size][/font]
[font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]The meaning which the Greeks put upon it does not concern us; nor have we anything to do with the imaginations of the heathen, or the traditions of Jews or Romanists, or the teachings of demons or evil spirits, or of any who still cling to them.
The Holy Spirit has used it as one of the "words pertaining to the earth", and in so doing has "purified" it, "as silver tried in a furnace" (see notes on Psalms 12:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]6[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]). From this we learn that His own words "are pure", but words belonging to this earth have to be "purified".
The Old Testament is the fountain head of the Hebrew language. It has no literature behind it. But the case is entirely different with the Greek language. The Hebrew Sh[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=-1]e[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]ol is a word Divine in its origin and usage. The Greek Hades is human in its origin and comes down to us laden with centuries of development, in which it has acquired new senses, meanings, and usages.
Seeing that the Holy Spirit has used it in Acts 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]27, 31[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1] as His own equivalent of Sh[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=-1]e[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]ol in Psalm 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]10[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1], He has settled, once for all, the sense in which we are to understand it. The meaning He has given to Sh[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=-1]e[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]ol in Psalms 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]10[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1] is the one meaning we are to give it wherever it occurs in the New Testament, whether we transliterate it or translate it. We have no liberty to do otherwise, and must discard everything outside the Word of God.
The word occurs eleven times (Matthew 11:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]23[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]18[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Luke 10:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]15[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]23[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Acts 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]27, 31[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]1[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Corinthians 15:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]55[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Revelation 1:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]18[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 6:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]8[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 20:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]13, 14[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]); and is rendered "hell" in every passage except one, where it is rendered "grave" ([/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]1[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Corinthians 15:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]55[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1], margin "hell").
In the Revised Version the word is always transliterated "Hades", except in [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]1[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Corinthians 15:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]55[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1] (where "death" is substituted because of the reading, in all the texts, of thanate for hade), and in the American Revised Version also.
As Hades is the Divine Scriptural equivalent of Sh[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=-1]e[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]ol, further light may be gained from Appendix 35, and a reference to the 65 passages there given. It may be well to note that while "Hades" is rendered "hell" in the New Testament (except once, where the rendering "the grave" could not be avoided), Sh[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=-1]e[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]ol, its Hebrew equivalent, occurs 65 times, and is rendered "the grave" 31 times (or 54%); "hell" 31 times (4 times with margin "the grave", reducing it to 41.5%); and "pit" only 3 times (or 4.5 %).
"The grave", therefore, is obviously the best rendering, meaning the state of death (German sterbend, for which we have no English equivalent); not the act of dying, as an examination of all the occurrences of both words will show. [/size][/font]
- [font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]The rendering "pit" so evidently means "the grave" that it may at once be substituted for it (Numbers 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]30, 33[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Job 17:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]16[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]). [/size][/font]
- [font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]The rendering "the grave" (not "a grave", which is Hebrew keber or bor) exactly expresses the meaning of both Sh[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=-1]e[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]ol and Hades. For, as to direction, it is always down: as to place, it is in the earth: as to relation, it is always in contrast with the state of the living (Deuteronomy 32:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]22-25[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1] and [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]1[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Samuel 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]6-8[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]); as to association, it is connected with mourning (Genesis 37:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]34, 35[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]), sorrow (Genesis 42:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]38[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]2[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Samuel 22:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]6[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Psalms 18:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]5[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 116:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]3[/font][font=Aldne,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]), fright and terror (Numbers 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]27, 34[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]), mourning (Isaiah 38:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]3, 10, 17, 18[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]), silence (Psalms 6:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]5[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 31:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]17[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Ecclesiastes 9:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]10[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]), no knowledge (Ecclesiastes 9:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]5, 6, 10[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]), punishment (Numbers 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]29, 34[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]1[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Kings 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]6, 9[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Job 24:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]19[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Psalms 9:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]17[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1] (Revised Version = re-turned)), corruption (Psalms 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]10[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Acts 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]27, 31[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]); as to duration, resurrection is the only exit from it (Psalms 16:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]11[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Acts 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]27, 31[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 13:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]33-37[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]1[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Corinthians 15:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]55[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]. Revelation 1:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]18[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]; 20:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]5, 13, 14[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]). [/size][/font]
- [font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Tartaroo (occurs only in [/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]2[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]Peter 2:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]4[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1]) = to thrust down to Tartarus, Tartarus being a Greek word, not used elsewhere, or at all in the Septuagint. Homer describes it as subterranean (compare Deuteronomy 32:[/size][/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman]22[/font][font=Aldine,Kuenst,Clarendon,Times New Roman][size=+1], which may refer to this). The Homeric Tartarus is the prison of the Titans, or giants (compare Hebrew Rephaim, Appendix 25), who rebelled against Zeus. [/size][/font]
First, I'm not ceratin what you mean by the judgement of the nations.
Matthew 25:32, "And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats:"
Second, I don't recall anything in Eschatology teaching that the Jews will reign with a 'king Isreal' on the new earth.
would have read better with a comma in between King and Israel.
Finally, The book of Revelation was written not to Jews, but to the Christian Church -
Absolutely, not. The book is, without doubt, Jewish. Not Christian. True, Christians, as with all promises and prophecies, have stolen from the Jews the good and left them the curses. The result of proper study superceded by prooftexting.
since only the soul lives forever.
nope. Scripture repeatedly and emphatically states the soul becomes nothing, forgotten, no sentiance, no memory, no nada upon death.
As for Jesus and the Father being one, this refers not to phsical placement, but to relational positioning, as it does with believers and
christ, and the HS.
and they are ALL in the same place.
The FAther and the Lamb (Jesus) are referred to as the temple in the New Jerusalem,
not "AS" but "ARE".
but The New Jerusalem is on the New Earth, not in the New Heaven.
Comes down from heaven and sets on the earth
Revelation 21:2, "And I John saw the holy city,
new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband."
(Israel, not the Christians, are the promised Bride)
It would be impossible for Believers to dwell with Godas the fianl verses of Revelation say we will, if we are in heaven and He is on Earth.
omnipresence.
The Revealtion clearly says that those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life will be the only ones to enter the temple in the New Jerusalem.
irrelevent to eternal torture and damnation which is totally pagan and later adopted by the early Catholic church and also used to control the parishioners and dole out indulgences.
BUT, if as you say,
those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life will be the only ones to enter the temple in the New Jerusalem
then when Revelation 21:22 says,
"And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it."
it is telling us we will be in the New Jerusalem, in The Temple, in The Father, in The Son, IN The Godhead, Itself !!!
John 17:21-24, "That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.
And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one: I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one; and that the world may know that thou hast sent me, and hast loved them, as thou hast loved me.
Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world." [/QUOTE]
As for this, I would agree Satan is against Christians, but he is also against all of mankind,
nope. Scripture is plain on this, those In Christ are The Father's children, the rest are *******s and sons of their father the father of lies.
because we are God's creation, dearly loved.
Can't do a thing for them if they don't come to The Father THROUGH The Son The WAY God, through Jesus Christ, prescribed.
Satan also is NOT, and never has been the second most powerful being in creation.
Most assuredly, he is.