I have no goal of causing actual pain to my children. The goal is to give an impact (like slapping a babies wrist to keep them away from danger) to help them understand the danger in a situation.
Rachel
If you can reach a wrist to slap it, than you can also just grab it. If your goal is to get their attention, you can do that with vocal intonation, clapping, shouting or stern looks.
I cannot believe that a person would choose to
hit somebody, rather then choose more effective and less violent options, without the infliction of pain factoring into their decision-making process.
For the record,
here are some brief summaries of longitudinal studies done on the effects of corporal punishment. Here is one example:
Objective: To test the hypothesis that use of corporal punishment (CP) by parents is associated with a subsequent decrease in academic performance. Methods: The frequency of hitting or spanking in the past week was measured for 622 children ages 5 and 6 in 1992. Academic achievement was measured by the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) in 1992 and 1994. Multiple regression analysis controlled for 1992 PIAT score, child's level of antisocial behavior, mother's education, race and gender of child, mother's age at birth of child, father's presence in household, number of children in the household, amount of emotional support and cognitive stimulation the child received. Results: Each increase of one unit in the four unit CP scale at Time 1 was associated with an average decrease of 2.7 points in PIAT score at Time 2, net of all other variables. Conclusions. The finding that CP adversely affects academic achievement is important for children and for the nation because academic achievement is a major determinant of economic and health status and because CP is amenable to change through public health and parent education.
Even briefer synopsis: On average, and controlling for every possible factor including individual ability, the kids who received corporal punishment began to lag behind their peers in academic ability as they grew older. Minor amounts of CP resulted in less severe lagging, more CP resulted in more lagging.
I've read other, similar studies, and it is thought that the social and academic retardation occurs because parents tend to hit their children because it has a greater immediate effect then talking to them. So, parents who provide reasoning and rationals for their children provide them with proper intellectual stimulation, while parents who take the view "trying to reason with a child is pointless, I'll make my point by hitting their erogenous zones instead," do not provide them with proper intellectual stimulation at crucial moments, and the child ends up developmentally stunted. The effect may not be dramatic, but it is demonstrably present.
Edit: A note about the acheivement tests. The tests take age into consideration, so that if a child gets one score at 5 years old, they should get roughly the same score at 7 years old. So a decrease in score does not mean that the child has
regressed, but that they have fallen behind their peers and the acheivement level they could have been expected to reach, given their first score.