Clarification Inquiry Regarding The Interactions Between God & Moses

[mdigi]

Hello,

While at church, a discussion with one of my friends brought a few important questions to my mind that I certainly would appreciate some input on for clarification. We were discussing how it seemed that Moses was able to seemingly "argue" with God and get away with it. However, since my friend wasn't able to give a complete and clear explanation, here are my questions:

1. What does Moses argue with God about, and why?
   
2. What arguments does he use?
   
3. Why do they work?
   
4. What is Moses's relationship with God generally like, that there is room for open disagreement between them?

If you could please reference scripture in your answer so I may look into it myself too, that would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you in advance for your help!