Elisha had just been handed over the office from Elijah. He was mourning the lose of his Rabbi. He had asked for a double portion of his spirit and may not have had full recognition of what that meant. Verse 12 shows us that even throughout the travels with Elijah the other prophets asked him if he knew that his master would be taken from him that day and go to the L-RD, he answered that he is aware of that but still he rents his garments in two when this happens?
The L-RD honored Elishas request of Elijah by allowing him to see him go to heaven from him so it was the L-RDs will that he have this. The other sons of the prophets did not see this and requested that fifty of them go and search for Elijah, Elisha tells them no, for he knows what happened to him, but they insist and he tells them to go and look, they seek him for three days and cannot find him.
Also one must understand the context that this is written in for next we see that the men of Jericho tell Elisha that the city is pleasant but the water supply in it is rotten. This means that the crops arent growing well and the people are getting sick. Elisha bids them to get him a cruse of this water and some salt. He then goes to the source of the water for the city and throws in the salt water and proclaims a blessing over it and announces that the L-RD has healed the waters and there shall be no more death or miscarrying again from them.
Now Elisha is on his way to Beth-El, and upon leaving the city, these youths come out after him
23 And he went up from thence unto Beth-el; and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him: 'Go up, thou baldhead; go up, thou baldhead.'
Now notice what they are saying, Go up, thou Baldhead In other words they are telling him to GET LOST!, get outta here!
Why would they do this? Most interpret this as there were little kids making fun of a bald man, but that is not what is happening here. One must question, what did Elisha do to make them so angry that they would want him to leave? If we look back to verses just preceding this we can see.
19 And the men of the city said unto Elisha: 'Behold, we pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth; but the water is bad, and the land miscarrieth. 20 And he said: 'Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein.' And they brought it to him. 21 And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and said: 'Thus saith the LORD: I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or miscarrying.' 22 So the waters were healed unto this day, according to the word of Elisha which he spoke.
Now what was making these waters bad? A study of ancient times and even into todays world will see that a citys water supply is a good way of getting to the people. Is this not something we all need to live? Good water? For ourselves, our animals and our crops? What better way to take control of a people than to contaminate their water supply. Now it could have been contaminated by other means but it also could have been a direct result of man made manipulation.
Now I must stop and explain that the word translated into English as Children is the Hebrew word naar this can mean anyone from a babe to-30 years old, hardly what we would consider a child. But this is Biblical reckoning and can be traced in other scriptures that I wont go into now.
So now we have basically a mob of youths coming after Elisha, who is traveling alone. They are angry apparently, as they are telling him to get lost, but why?
There is a Jewish tradition that tells of these youth that were making a profit selling pure water to the residents of the city. With Elishas miracle cure, they were all put out of business.
One should also consider that we are told that two bears came out and 42 of these youths were mauled. Now if 42 were mauled by two bears, how many confronted Elisha and threatened him in the first place?
Elisha rebukes them in the name of the L-RD and the L-RD sends two bears to protect his prophet, as he should have.