Knowledge claims? I'm simply curious as to how an atheist can uphold what they uphold justifiably. It seems they cannot.
32K said:
For starters..the idea that Atheism is the default position.
What you do not seem to understand is how agnosticism (not knowing whether there is a god or not) can exist concurrently to atheism (not believing in gods). The majority of atheists are also agnostics, and vice versa. To illustrate the difference between the positions and why they do not contradict each other, allow me this simple metaphor.
I take you to an ordinary neighborhood and point out one of the houses on the street. I ask you, "Do you believe that there is a living adult elephant in that house?" Now, you consider that elephants are pretty rare endangered animals, and that the house seems to have no doors that could allow an elephant to enter it, and also no one in their right mind would bring an elephant into their house, so you say "No, I don't believe it."
This means you are an 'atheist' when it comes to believing that the elephant is in the house. That is, you lack belief that the elephant is there.
Now I ask you, "Do you
know that there is no elephant in the house?" and now you have to consider. It seems very unlikely for an elephant to be there, yes, but it is theoretically possible that an elephant could be brought into the house when it was a baby and remain there until it had grown up, although why someone would do that to a poor elephant makes no sense to you. But there's really no way to tell for sure unless you actually go into the house and look. So you say, "No, I don't know it."
This means you are an 'agnostic' when it comes to knowing whether or not there is an elephant in the house. You admit you don't have absolute knowledge that the elephant isn't there.
Thus, it is possible to be an atheist and an agnostic at the same time; to not believe in something due to its high improbability, but also admit that you don't have complete knowledge and that it is possible you are wrong.
Withholding belief without proof is the default position in any exploration of a claim.
Now, there is also the occasional situation where an atheist/agnostic can definitively say 'your idea of a god does not exist'. This is because there seems to be as many versions of 'god' as there are christians, and many of them are completely illogical.
We may liken this to my saying, 'Do you believe/know that there is an elephant inside that house that is bigger than the house itself?' And you, knowing that a solid structure cannot contain something bigger than itself inside it, and also not being able to see any elephant legs poking out of windows or anything ridiculous like that, can answer atheistically (no, I don't believe it) and also gnostically (I also know that it is not true).
When some christians claim that every single word of the Bible is true, we can say that no, that is wrong. There are several places where the Bible contradicts itself, and two statements that contradict each other cannot simultaneously be true and any text containing them both cannot be entirely true. When an atheist tells a christian, 'Your god does not exist', they are usually referring only to the personal version of god as that christian describes it because that version has contradictory properties.