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Nope, you're bang on, it's photons all the way. Because they move at a constant speed, they are defined by only one parameter. So, if you know its energy, you can work out its momentum, wavelength, frequency, etc. Typically, we talk about a photon's wavelength, rather than anything else.Question
1) If I'm correct Radio waves, Microwaves, Visible Light, X Rays, Gamma rays are all part of the EM Spectrum
2) The only thing that is different is The Frequency Correct ?
If So, And given that Light is carried by Photons, is the entire EM Spectrum carried by Photons ?
If Not, where do Photons start & stop being carriers for the EM Spectrum?
The vacuum, such that it is, exists anywhere that something else does not. That said, even in the deepest reaches of space, there's a very low-density plasma permeating through.
Almost certainly. The results of COBE show thermal fluctuations in space, which I believe are a result of quantum fluctuations when the universe was a wee nipper:
Who said anything about exotic matter?
Astronomers may posit that dark matter is exotic, but, aside from public misunderstanding, no one claims that it actually is exotic. All we know is that it's there, and that it's dark.
Nonetheless, it remains a possibility. In the 17[sup]th[/sup] century, there was no need for quantum theory, either.
Primitive compared to whom?
But in any case, we go where the evidence leads us. If future experiments prove that our current observations are flawed, then so be it.
But don't you think it's a little presumptuous to dismiss current data just because a) you don't like the conclusions, and b) there is a margin of error?
A minute ago you said it was experimental error. Now you're saying it's a slip in the mathematics. Which?
We know the mass is there, how much is there, and where it is.
We know that light can travel through it.
We know that light isn't emitted from it.
What did I assume, exactly?
There is absolutely no evidence for God (prove me wrong), yet there is evidence for dark matter.
No one puts their faith in either: we follow the evidence and the logic.
It's amusing that you chastise us for putting our 'faith' in a scientific theory, yet you yourself are Christian! Hypocrisy is an ugly colour, Michael.
Actually, these virtual particles are (to our knowledge) point-like. They aren't comprised of anything, but then again, neither do they take up any volume.See I knew this, but the reason I continued to wonder regardless is because even these particles that pop into and out of existence are comprised mostly of empty space.
That's not entirely accurate. Quantum mechanically, an atoms constituent particles are all probability clouds that exist over all space. These clouds only have any real substance where we humans designate the 'atom' to be. That is, an electron could be (almost) anywhere in an atom, but it's vanishingly improbable that it's outside.The empty space between an atom's nucleus and it's 'electron cloud' comprises more of the atom than the nucleus or electron itself (proportionally.)
An atom is 99.999% empty space.
That's not entirely accurate. Quantum mechanically, an atoms constituent particles are all probability clouds that exist over all space. These clouds only have any real substance where we humans designate the 'atom' to be. That is, an electron could be (almost) anywhere in an atom, but it's vanishingly improbable that it's outside.
What's a two-slice toaster?You have a two-slice toaster that toasts one side of bread at a time.
Duration: 30 seconds.
What's the shortest amount of time one would need to toast three slices of bread on both sides?
And how is it done?
It makes the Sun about 100 times hotter, so it's pretty damn usefulI'm familiar with this. This line of thinking leads to the phenomena of tunneling (proven true by the sun actually.)
120 secondsYou have a two-slice toaster that toasts one side of bread at a time.
Duration: 30 seconds.
What's the shortest amount of time one would need to toast three slices of bread on both sides?
And how is it done?
2 sides + 2 sides + 1 side = 5 sides.120 seconds
2 sides x 30s = 30s
2 sides x 30s = 30s
1 side x 60 s = 60s
Total = 120s
Yes, I should have typed "slice" instead of "side" for the last 60s.2 sides + 2 sides + 1 side = 5 sides.
You have 6 sides to toast.
90 seconds.You have a two-slice toaster that toasts one side of bread at a time.
Duration: 30 seconds.
What's the shortest amount of time one would need to toast three slices of bread on both sides?
And how is it done?
90 seconds.
Step 1: Toast one side of two slices two sides done 30 seconds.
Step 2: Turn one slice over and replace the other with the third slice four sides done 60 seconds.
Step 3: Turn the third slice over and replace the first slice with the second slice, untoasted side exposed to the element six sides done 90 seconds.
Nicely done.90 seconds.
Step 1: Toast one side of two slices two sides done 30 seconds.
Step 2: Turn one slice over and replace the other with the third slice four sides done 60 seconds.
Step 3: Turn the third slice over and replace the first slice with the second slice, untoasted side exposed to the element six sides done 90 seconds.
Nonetheless, there is hardly a consensus that dark matter is exotic.About half the papers on Arxiv. Most of them rely on hypothetical properties of hypothetical SUSY particles.
No one knows.It's there, but what makes it "dark"?
Science advances, as always. The same astronomers you decry are the ones providing new evidence. Like I said, if this new evidence invalidates the dark matter hypothesis, then so be it.Our technology is simply primate. So what? We can't even count stars in a distant galaxy, we "estimate" them. Evidently galaxies are at least twice as bright as we first thought and contain four times as many stars as we once thought.
Astronomers find that Universe shines twice as bright | SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
SpaceInfo News — There are more stars than previously thought
So you keep saying, but it is presumptuous to preclude any use our modern techniques can bring us. We simply do not know what future humans will discover. They could discover that dark matter doesn't exist, or they could discover that it absolutely does exist.We simply blew our mass estimation techniques and it's only "dark" to us because our technology is so limited.
SUSY is a theory, it attempts to explain the evidence.There's no evidence any of that missing mass is related to SUSY theory.
Since when is that a hallmark of truth?Anything and everything is "possible". Empirical physics is about what is physically demonstrated to exist. What consumer product runs on DE, inflation, 'expanding space', or SUSY theory?
Without an objective standard your assessment is purely subjective and, thus, irrelevant.Primitive in terms of distance, not "whom". While our technologies are "better than" they've been in the past, we can't even actually count individual stars in a distant galaxy, let alone see planets.
Correct. Your point?You can't even cite a single lab experiment where 'dark energy' or inflation moved a single atom.
The evidence.If you can't cause a couple of atoms to expand, what makes you think it's going to make a whole universe go "bang"?
I accept that, in your opinion, it is unsupported by the evidence, but I disagree with that assessment.You're theory is flawed IMO because it was never empirically verified
Nor does the theory of evolution tell us where the universal common ancestor came from. It infers its existence from the evidence, but it's another theory entirely that explains its origin.and it is based up on three forms of metaphysics, most of which cannot ever be tested. Something like 72% of the universe is made of of "dark energy" according to Lambda-CDM theory but not one astronomer on Earth can tell us where it comes from.
I don't actually dismiss the "data', just the interpretation of that data. It's certainly possible the universe is expanding and accelerating, but there is no possibility that "faerie energy" had anything to do with either of these observations. A label and two bit math formula is not an empirical substitute for a real test with real control mechanisms.
Then you have a very strange view of science. If we can't recreate the abiogenesis event, then it never happened! If we can't recreate energy-efficient fusion in the lab, then it can't happen in the stars either!If DE can't cause two atoms to expand in a lab, I have no confidence it's going to accelerate a whole universe of atoms.
Nonetheless, there is ample evidence to infer their existences.Hmm? There are no experiments with actual control mechanisms that demonstrate the existence of inflation, de or dm.
That hardly invalidates the entire theory. Our methods of measuring the ages of things has been refined over the years, but that hardly changes the fact that they are old. So stars have four times as many stars in them. So what? That's not even an order of magnitude.Every single mass estimation technique related to counting stars and such in a galaxy are littered with "assumptions" that hare since been shown to be false. Read the two articles I just cited.
That's a matter of opinion, it seems. I see evidence of dark matter, but you don't. You see evidence of God, but I don't.Not all. I recognize my "Christian faith" as an act of faith on my part. I don't try to teach it in school as "science". I don't stuff metaphysics down your child's throat in school. The only hypocrisy is claiming that an act of faith in dark energy and inflation and dark matter is a form of "science' and claiming there is no evidence of God.
Such as? I don't doubt that belief in God has affected humans, mind.IMO, God is the universe. There is plenty of evidence that the universe exists. Whether or not you will accept the evidence of God is up to you of course, but there is certainly evidence of God's existence to be found in nature, starting with the effect God has on human beings past present and future.
No, it can't become absolutely flat, since that requires it to be stretched by an infinite amount. It's mathematically odd, and physically impossible. If it could happen, I guess you'd have either photons with no energy, or photons with an infinite amount of energy. Spooky.When the frequency of the spectrum of light changes, does it ever get so stretched out one end so that it becomes a flat line, or so squashed together the other end that it bacomes a solid block? If so, what would happen?
When the frequency of the spectrum of light changes, does it ever get so stretched out one end so that it becomes a flat line, or so squashed together the other end that it bacomes a solid block? If so, what would happen?
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