I would just want to point out that, biblically, we are our body and soul. God promises that even as Jesus was raised up from the dead, we shall be raised up also (Romans 8:11, Philippians 3:21, and 1 Corinthians 15:20-23, 35-58). These mortal bodies will be raised up immortal; these corruptible bodies will be raised up incorruptible, these old bones will be transformed into something new. Even as our Lord Jesus rose from the dead, and was solid, flesh and bone, even bearing the wounds of His crucifixion, so shall we be raised up.
The body is not merely brought back to life, it is transformed. Glorified and spiritual bodies, still skin and bone, but transformed and made alive by the power of the Spirit. The words Paul uses in 1 Corinthians 15 to describe the present body and the body in the resurrection is "psuchekos" and "pneumatikos" respectively. The present body is called a "soma psuchekon" or "soulish body", but is often translated as "natural body", the body animiated by our present soulishness--the animal appetites, mortal, subject to decay, and rotten with sin. It is transformed into a "soma pneumatikon" or "spiritual body" because, as Paul tells us in Romans 8:11, the Holy Spirit Himself will give life to our bodies, a body animated not by our present sinful soulishness but animated by the quickening power of the Holy Spirit, glorified and immortal and incorruptible.
It's just like how Paul contrasts the "natural man" (more literally "soulish man") who is unregenerate and without the Holy Spirit, what we were before we were born again; and the "spiritual man" who is alive to God by the indwelling and power of the Spirit, born again. The old Adam and the new man contrasted. Likewise, these old weak bones will become glorious, even as our Lord Jesus is glorious in His body.
There has been an unfortunate thing that has happened in the Western Church over the last hundred or so years, where the doctrine of the resurrection has been ignored in favor of the idea that we will spend eternity as disembodied "souls". It is true that between death of the body and the resurrection of the body we will be at rest in the presence of the Lord in heaven; but this is what theologians call "the intermediate state", a time of waiting and refreshment as we wait for the resurrection and the renewing of all things at Christ's return.
In addition to the Scriptures I already mentioned, we can see more Scripture speaks about it, even in the Old Testament. In Job we read "I know that my Redeemer lives, and in the end He shall stand upon the earth; though my skin be destroyed, yet in my flesh I shall see God." (Job 19:25-26). In Isaiah 26:19 we read, "Your dead shall live; their bodies shall rise. You who dwell in the dust, awake and sing for joy!". And in the book of Daniel "And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt." (Daniel 12:2).
We also have the confessions of faith which have come down to us from the beginning, such as in the Apostles' Creed that "we believe ... in the resurrection of the body". Early Christian writers, such as Justin Martyr wrote entire works defending the resurrection (such as Justin's
On the Resurrection). This is true all the way into modern day.
The Protestant Reformers confessed the same, "
Also they teach that at the Consummation of the World Christ will appear for judgment, and will raise up all the dead; He will give to the godly and elect eternal life and everlasting joys," (Augsburg Confession, Article XVII). "
At the last day, such as are found alive shall not die, but be changed; and all the dead shall be raised up with the self-same bodies, and none other, although with different qualities, which shall be united again to their souls forever." (Westminster Confession of Faith, XXXII.II). If we keep looking at what virtually all church statements of faith and confessions say, regardless of denomination, we see the same over and over.
A small sampling:
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The bodies of men after death return to dust, but their spirits return immediately to God -- the righteous to rest with Him; the wicked to be reserved under darkness to the judgment. At the last day, the bodies of all the dead, both just and unjust, will be raised." - The Abstract of Principles, Southern Baptist Convention,
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After Christ returns to reign, He will bring about the final defeat of Satan and all of his minions and works, the resurrection of the dead, the final judgment and the eternal blessing of the righteous," - Core Principles and Beliefs, Vineyard Association of Churches
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The resurrection of those who have fallen asleep in Christ and their translation together with those who are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord is the imminent and blessed hope of the church." - 16 Fundamental Truths, Assemblies of God
I'm not entirely sure when or how, but for some reason over the past 100-150 years this hasn't been emphasized, and so many Christians in the West (of all denominations) haven't been properly taught one of the most basic truths of our faith: That we believe in the resurrection of the body. Not an eternity as souls "in heaven", but raised up bodily, like Jesus, and to enjoy God and all creation forever.
I know that I was never taught this at my church growing up. I didn't learn it until I began reading the Bible for myself more seriously when I got older. And when I looked to see what Christians historically believed, I was astounded by how something so basic and universal as this, and taught throughout history in all Christian churches and denominations, could be something I just never heard about.
-CryptoLutheran