People have been asking me what I think of the claim of Papias, that a Matthew had written a book of sayings of Jesus, and a Mark had collected the sermons of Peter. This was written around 130 AD, when references to the gospels were nonexistent. Yes, some people were crediting sayings to Jesus that sounded much like the gospels, and some were talking about a miraculous Jesus, but nobody was specifically quoting the gospels, or giving a nod to their existence.
Most likely some version of the gospels existed at this time, but we have no record that they were widely received. So what was Papias referring to? We don't know, but options include:
1) Papias was referring to books that no longer exist that match this description. I think this is the most likely.
2) Papias was referring to versions of the current gospels that were much like the literature of the time, containing sayings of Jesus, and sermons of Peter, and perhaps accounts of Isaiah 53, but minus many of the miracles.
3) Papias was referring to something close to the current books, with accounts of the resurrection and so forth. These would have been taught as fictional teaching tools, not as history, by a small faction.
4) Papias was referring to books that were being widely taught as history by Christians. I find this unlikely, because the rest of the Christian world doesn't seem to buy into this until later on in the second century.