http://www.christian-thinktank.com/gilgymess.html
Good question--is Genesis merely a rip-off of other ANE lit?
[Series Begin: Feb 2005 // Last update: Dec 9/2005 (Final Installment)]
[font=Thorndale, serif]Every so often I get a question like this: [/font]
This allegation -- that the the bible authors appropriated large (or 'controlling') amounts of material from Mesopotamian sources -- comes up with surprising frequency in the popular exchanges of the chat-argument rooms, apparently. This is surprising, since this position hasn't been the 'consensus' position of mainstream Assyriologist scholars in the field--regardless of 'confessional stance!--for over thirty years. Your objector/skeptic friend has just taken some older (but still held by a few contemporary Assyriologists) data, mixed it with a little bit of 'regular level' chatroom hyperbole, and turned it into an 'objection'. Although we will look at a number of ANE myths, the specific one he/she is referring to would be Enki and Ninhursag and we can probably tell the exact source of his/her data (in this case, probably the ANE scholar Samuel Noah Kramer), and we will deal with those specifics in the first piece of the series.
This series ("Oh, no, Glenn--not ANOTHER 'soon to be unfinished' series!!!...a never-ending series, of never-ending series?! How Cantorian of you!"--Hey, I finished the Miracles series, didn't I?--smile) will go through all the relevant cosmogonic (i.e., dealing with the creation of the cosmos, and humanity) and try to show to the reader WHY the ANE scholars see 'bits and pieces' (at most), but no 'real, heavy borrowing' (some repudiation, some setting-the-record-straight, but NEVER conceptual-signoff or agreement).
We will look at all the major cosmogonies, a couple of minor ones, and perhaps some cosmogonic materials from within other genres--in detail (smile). Our focus will be mostly on Creation (Genesis 1-2, with only minor references to 3-11). Since the Enuma Elish is considered the closest to the Genesis story, we will have many citations dealing with it [since any alleged connections between the bible creation story and other ANE works will be 'less plausible', for this reason]. And the Epic of Gilgamesh will come up from time to time as well, for similar reasons. [We will also look at Enki and Ninhursag in detail, since it contains the Dilmun reference.]
I will be using these major texts in this article (biblio detail in the Book Abbreviations page--bookabs.html): [TCS1] Context of Scripture (vol 1, Hallo and Younger), [OT:CAANEB] Creation Accounts in the Ancient Near East and in the Bible (Clifford), [ISI] I Studied Inscriptions from Before the Flood: Ancient Near Eastern, Literary, and Linguistic Approaches to Genesis 1-11 (Hess and Tsumura, eds.), [HI:EGE] The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic (Tigay), [PCE] The Pentateuch in its Cultural Environment (Livingston, 2nd ed), [AILCC] Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context (Walton), Myths from Mesopotamia (Dalley). I will be following Clifford's sequence below.
(read the rest at the link)
Good question--is Genesis merely a rip-off of other ANE lit?
[Series Begin: Feb 2005 // Last update: Dec 9/2005 (Final Installment)]
[font=Thorndale, serif]Every so often I get a question like this: [/font]
[font=Thorndale, serif]Hi Glenn; [/font]
[font=Courier New, monospace]Most of the skeptics (and atheists) believe that Old Testament writers borrowed from epic of Gilgamesh and other pagan sources found at least one thousand years before Old Testament They often tell me: Why do you believe a book that contains Sumerian/pagan stories ... They say: especially Genesis 2:5-23 has amazing similarities with religion of Sumerians :There was Sumerian paradise called DILMUN and a Goddess made 8 vegetables in a garden, one of the Gods was sick (He has a problem with his RIB) The Goddess cured his RIB and thats why she was called woman of life(NINTI) so The RIB story in Torah borrowed from this source even the story of eating apple is of pagan origin and according to sumerian legends the first human created from dust JUST LIKE TORAH SAYS[/font]
[font=Courier New, monospace]I hope you can help me out here because it seems no one wants to give an answer about these stories (maybe these are really tough questions)[/font]
[font=Courier New, monospace]Thank you [/font]
[font=Thorndale, serif]................................................... [/font][font=Courier New, monospace]Most of the skeptics (and atheists) believe that Old Testament writers borrowed from epic of Gilgamesh and other pagan sources found at least one thousand years before Old Testament They often tell me: Why do you believe a book that contains Sumerian/pagan stories ... They say: especially Genesis 2:5-23 has amazing similarities with religion of Sumerians :There was Sumerian paradise called DILMUN and a Goddess made 8 vegetables in a garden, one of the Gods was sick (He has a problem with his RIB) The Goddess cured his RIB and thats why she was called woman of life(NINTI) so The RIB story in Torah borrowed from this source even the story of eating apple is of pagan origin and according to sumerian legends the first human created from dust JUST LIKE TORAH SAYS[/font]
[font=Courier New, monospace]I hope you can help me out here because it seems no one wants to give an answer about these stories (maybe these are really tough questions)[/font]
[font=Courier New, monospace]Thank you [/font]
This allegation -- that the the bible authors appropriated large (or 'controlling') amounts of material from Mesopotamian sources -- comes up with surprising frequency in the popular exchanges of the chat-argument rooms, apparently. This is surprising, since this position hasn't been the 'consensus' position of mainstream Assyriologist scholars in the field--regardless of 'confessional stance!--for over thirty years. Your objector/skeptic friend has just taken some older (but still held by a few contemporary Assyriologists) data, mixed it with a little bit of 'regular level' chatroom hyperbole, and turned it into an 'objection'. Although we will look at a number of ANE myths, the specific one he/she is referring to would be Enki and Ninhursag and we can probably tell the exact source of his/her data (in this case, probably the ANE scholar Samuel Noah Kramer), and we will deal with those specifics in the first piece of the series.
This series ("Oh, no, Glenn--not ANOTHER 'soon to be unfinished' series!!!...a never-ending series, of never-ending series?! How Cantorian of you!"--Hey, I finished the Miracles series, didn't I?--smile) will go through all the relevant cosmogonic (i.e., dealing with the creation of the cosmos, and humanity) and try to show to the reader WHY the ANE scholars see 'bits and pieces' (at most), but no 'real, heavy borrowing' (some repudiation, some setting-the-record-straight, but NEVER conceptual-signoff or agreement).
We will look at all the major cosmogonies, a couple of minor ones, and perhaps some cosmogonic materials from within other genres--in detail (smile). Our focus will be mostly on Creation (Genesis 1-2, with only minor references to 3-11). Since the Enuma Elish is considered the closest to the Genesis story, we will have many citations dealing with it [since any alleged connections between the bible creation story and other ANE works will be 'less plausible', for this reason]. And the Epic of Gilgamesh will come up from time to time as well, for similar reasons. [We will also look at Enki and Ninhursag in detail, since it contains the Dilmun reference.]
I will be using these major texts in this article (biblio detail in the Book Abbreviations page--bookabs.html): [TCS1] Context of Scripture (vol 1, Hallo and Younger), [OT:CAANEB] Creation Accounts in the Ancient Near East and in the Bible (Clifford), [ISI] I Studied Inscriptions from Before the Flood: Ancient Near Eastern, Literary, and Linguistic Approaches to Genesis 1-11 (Hess and Tsumura, eds.), [HI:EGE] The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic (Tigay), [PCE] The Pentateuch in its Cultural Environment (Livingston, 2nd ed), [AILCC] Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context (Walton), Myths from Mesopotamia (Dalley). I will be following Clifford's sequence below.
(read the rest at the link)
Upvote
0