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Adoption of a belief without prior evidence of its truth

cloudyday2

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I had never heard of the philosopher William James, but his ideas seem to be similar to some of my ideas, and he can organize and explain these ideas. I haven't read any of his works yet, but here is a sample from the wikipedia article on his book "The Will to Believe". I thought other people here might find these ideas interesting too.

We feel, too, as if the appeal of religion to us were made to our own active good-will, as if evidence might be forever withheld from us unless we met the hypothesis half-way. To take a trivial illustration: just as a man who in a company of gentlemen made no advances, asked a warrant for every concession, and believed no one's word without proof, would cut himself off by such churlishness from all the social rewards that a more trusting spirit would earn—so here, one who should shut himself up in snarling logicality and try to make the gods extort his recognition willy-nilly, or not get it at all, might cut himself off forever from his only opportunity of making the gods' acquaintance. This feeling, forced on us we know not whence, that by obstinately believing that there are gods (although not to do so would be so easy both for our logic and our life) we are doing the universe the deepest service we can, seems part of the living essence of the religious hypothesis. If the hypothesis were true in all its parts, including this one, then pure intellectualism, with its veto on our making willing advances, would be an absurdity; and some participation of our sympathetic nature would be logically required. I, therefore, for one, cannot see my way to accepting the agnostic rules for truth-seeking, or wilfully agree to keep my willing nature out of the game. I cannot do so for this plain reason, that a rule of thinking which would absolutely prevent me from acknowledging certain kinds of truth if those kinds of truth were really there, would be an irrational rule. That for me is the long and short of the formal logic of the situation, no matter what the kinds of truth might materially be
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Will_to_Believe
 
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cloudyday2

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I've read his Varieties of Religious Experience and rather enjoyed it. His approach to religion is very logical and empirical.

I haven't read that book, but others have recommended it.

I was reading a psychology book that referenced the idea of hard-minded and tender-minded people advanced by William James. Apparently he said that a person's beliefs are mostly determined by their psychological character. Hard-minded people find comfort in facts and causes while tender-minded people look for purpose and meaning. I have trouble relating to most atheists, and I suspect that is because they tend to be more hard-minded than me. I liked the quote I included in the OP, because it showed the possible limitations of hard-minded reasoning. This idea might be useful when Christians apologists promote religion to skeptics.
 
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zippy2006

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I haven't read that book, but others have recommended it.

I was reading a psychology book that referenced the idea of hard-minded and tender-minded people advanced by William James. Apparently he said that a person's beliefs are mostly determined by their psychological character. Hard-minded people find comfort in facts and causes while tender-minded people look for purpose and meaning. I have trouble relating to most atheists, and I suspect that is because they tend to be more hard-minded than me. I liked the quote I included in the OP, because it showed the possible limitations of hard-minded reasoning. This idea might be useful when Christians apologists promote religion to skeptics.

That's interesting. At one place in the book I mentioned he criticizes the scientific "survival theory" that says religion is an outdated survival mechanism, and goes on to describe religion as overly egotistic, subjective, personal, and focused on one's "private destiny." His point is that if you survey reality and dismiss the religious aspect you're left with much too little. It's something like the importance of "tender-mindedness" in the big picture.

If this be true, it is absurd for science to say that the egotistic elements of experience should be suppressed. The axis of reality runs solely through the egotistic places,—they are strung upon it like so many beads. To describe the world with all the various feelings of the individual pinch of destiny, all the various spiritual attitudes, left out from the description—they being as describable as anything else—would be something like offering a printed bill of fare as the equivalent for a solid meal. Religion makes no such blunder. The individual's religion may be egotistic, and those private realities which it keeps in touch with may be narrow enough; but at any rate it always remains infinitely less hollow and abstract, as far as it goes, than a science which prides itself on taking no account of anything private at all.

A bill of fare with one real raisin on it instead of the word “raisin,” with one real egg instead of the word “egg,” might be an inadequate meal, but it would at least be a commencement of reality. The contention of the survival-theory that we ought to stick to non-personal elements exclusively seems like saying that we ought to be satisfied forever with reading the naked bill of fare. I think, therefore, that however particular questions connected with our individual destinies may be answered, it is only by acknowledging them as genuine questions, and living in the sphere of thought which they open up, that we become profound. But to live thus is to be religious; so I unhesitatingly repudiate the survival-theory of religion, as being founded on an egregious mistake. It does not follow, because our ancestors made so many errors of fact and mixed them with their religion, that we should therefore leave off being religious at all. By being religious we establish ourselves in possession of ultimate reality at the only points at which reality is given us to guard. Our responsible concern is with our private destiny, after all.
 
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miknik5

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I had never heard of the philosopher William James, but his ideas seem to be similar to some of my ideas, and he can organize and explain these ideas. I haven't read any of his works yet, but here is a sample from the wikipedia article on his book "The Will to Believe". I thought other people here might find these ideas interesting too.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Will_to_Believe
ONE GOD...not many. It isn't good enough to acknowledge that there is a god and believe this yet knowingly or unknowingly look to or worship another spirit. Because anything outside the TRUTH of GOD doesn't come from
GOD
 
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cloudyday2

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That's interesting. At one place in the book I mentioned he criticizes the scientific "survival theory" that says religion is an outdated survival mechanism, and goes on to describe religion as overly egotistic, subjective, personal, and focused on one's "private destiny." His point is that if you survey reality and dismiss the religious aspect you're left with much too little. It's something like the importance of "tender-mindedness" in the big picture.

In the quote, it seems that William James uses "egotistic" to mean "subjective"? I have trouble understanding what writers from that era are saying, because they use such elaborate sentences and so forth. In other words, I'm not sure I understand what that quote means. I think he is saying that science focuses on objective reality and religion focuses on subjective reality?
 
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cloudyday2

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ONE GOD...not many. It isn't good enough to acknowledge that there is a god and believe this yet knowingly or unknowingly look to or worship another spirit. Because anything outside the TRUTH of GOD doesn't come from
GOD
o.k.
 
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zippy2006

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In the quote, it seems that William James uses "egotistic" to mean "subjective"? I have trouble understanding what writers from that era are saying, because they use such elaborate sentences and so forth. In other words, I'm not sure I understand what that quote means. I think he is saying that science focuses on objective reality and religion focuses on subjective reality?

Yeah, that's the gist of it. I would say that he uses egotistic to mean "Concerned with one's personal life and destiny."
 
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miknik5

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Yeah, that's the gist of it. I would say that he uses egotistic to mean "Concerned with one's personal life and destiny."
Hmmmm? Would you prefer.a FATHER who picks and chooses and judges and compares each of HIS disobedient children by and before and against another of HIS disobedient children
 
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cloudyday2

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Many can profess to have god(s)...and do

But there is only ONE GOD and ONE TRUTH...regardless

I think you might be missing the point of the thread. When Christians debate with atheists, the atheists often insist that belief in Christianity is irrational without first having evidence. William James hypothesizes that this policy of "evidence first" would prevent a person from taking Christianity for a "test drive" to see if it "works". One of the songs during communion had the lyrics "oh taste and see how good the Lord is". Temporarily reserving judgment and testing a hypothesis is common sense, but many atheists won't acknowledge this in debates. Also the evidence that a religion works is usually subjective and personal, so each person must perform their own "test drive". This seems like useful ammunition for any theist apologist.
 
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