In fact, "Lucifer" isn't the name of anyone or anything. It's a Latin word that translates to "light-bringer", and it is found in Latin translations of Isaiah ch. 14, as a translation of the Hebrew word
heylel meaning "shining", a reference to the planet Venus; unsurprisingly in the Greek of the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament) the word here is
eosphorus, "dawn-bringer". The use of this term is an epithet made against the king of Babylon (most likely Nebuchadnezzar II), here's the passage:
"
When the LORD has given you rest from your pain and turmoil and the hard service with which you were made to serve, you will take up this taunt against the king of Babylon:
'How the oppressor has ceased, the insolent fury ceased! The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of rulers, that struck the peoples in wrath with unceasing blows, ... How you are fallen from the heavens, O day-star, son of the dawn! How you are cut down to the ground, you who laid the nations low! You said in your heart, "I will ascend to the heavens; above the stars of God, I will set my throne on high; I will sit on the mount of assembly in the far reaches of the north; I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High." But you are brought down to the grave, to the far reaches of the pit. Those who see you will stare at you and ponder over you: "Is this the man who made the earth tremble, who shook kingdoms, who made the world like a desert and overthrew its cities, who did not let his prisoners go home?" All the kings of the nations lie in glory, each in his own tomb; but you are cast out, away from your grave, like a loathed branch, clothed with the slain, those pierced by the sword, who go down to the stones of the pit, like a dead body trampled underfoot. You will not be joined with them in burial, because you have destroyed your land, you have slain your people.'" - Isaiah 14:3-6, 12-20
In the middle ages a number of Christian exegetes saw in this passage an
anagogical reference to the fall of the devil from heaven.
The text is very clearly not talking about the devil, but a very human king. But because of the anagogical reading of the text, it has become very common for Christians, at least in the West, to see this as a reference to the devil and as such have taken the Latin translation of day-star (
lucifer) as a name for the devil.
So there's that.
Further, the Bible doesn't talk about the fall of the devil. The closest might be the War in Heaven passage found in the Apocalypse of St. John (i.e.
Revelation ch. 12).
The Bible just isn't all that interested in the devil--the devil is assumed to exist, and so the biblical writers do mention the devil, and warn their readers to resist him. But the the devil's "origin story" if you want to call it that--well that doesn't exist. All we can really glean from Scripture is that there are angels who are fallen, they are called by the Greek words
daimon and
diabolos, the former being a generic word for "spirits", with the latter meaning "accuser" (compare with the Hebrew Ha-Shatan, meaning "the accuser"). Satan, or the devil, being the chief of the devils, the leader of these fallen angels.
When they fell, how they fell, etc. That information isn't available.
There are a number of 2nd Temple period non-biblical texts which do contain a more robust "mythology" about fallen angels, which can be useful in understanding how Jews from the time (and later Christians) might have been thinking on these subjects. But these aren't authoritative, and they don't agree--only that, yes, there are fallen angels.
-CryptoLutheran
