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A Question for those who Deny Evolution

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SandRose

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darceri said:
PUT IN YOUR OWN DOUBLING NUMBER ....Be as conservative as you need to be (within reason) and let me know what you come up with.... Start back 2,000,000 years ago.

Um... I think you misunderstand my objection. I don't doubt that the math works out... my objection is that this proof starts out with the assumption that the human population was always doubling. Based on every simulation of population growth that I've ever seen, it just doesn't work this way... populations may rapidly increase as resources increase, but they decrease again when the resources are exhausted.

darceri said:
SANDROSE, Do you believe man is uniquely different from all other animals? Or can you account for man's uniqueness via evolution?

This is one of those questions that I think makes a lot more sense to you guys than it does to me. Yes, I believe that man is uniquely different from all other animals, to the extent that penguins are different from all other birds and venus fly traps are different from all other plants. But to the extent that we have qualities that couldn't have possibly evolved -- no, I don't think we're that special.

Personally, I'm fascinated by studies of tool-making, language, empathy, metacognition, etc. in the animal kingdom. Just about any quality you can point to that distinguishes humans as being "uniquely different from all other animals" probably exists, in a primitive form at least, in some other species. I see no reason to believe that those traits couldn't have evolved into what we pride ourselves on being -- so unique and special that we could only have been supernaturally created that way.
 
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DArceri

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If you read the population example again it backs into the numbers. Thus it factors the non-growth periods into the number.....

As far as humans vs. animals, how do evolutionists account for the fact that primates intellegence (say apes) has been stagnant since its existance, while human intelligence continues to advance. When I say intelligence, I'm talking about everything, like technological know-how, analytical reasoning, creativity, etc. And I haven't even touched on ethical or moral values, emotions such as shyness, shame, modesty, etc...
 
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SandRose

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darceri said:
If you read the population example again it backs into the numbers. Thus it factors the non-growth periods into the number.....

First of all, let me admit that I'm not used to discussing things like this, and so I'm having trouble explaining what I think is wrong with this model in a way that makes sense. Maybe a quick example would help...

Let's say a certain species has enough resources to maintain a population of 100. But then it invents agriculture and starts increasing at an exponential rate. When the population reaches 10,000, someone looks at the rate it's been increasing and deduces (correctly) that it's been doubling at a certain rate, once every x years.

Where I think it goes wrong is that, instead of working backward to a time when the population was a steady 100, this model assumes that the 100 must be a result of doubling as well, all the way back to a population of 2. As I understand it, the argument allows no concept of there ever having been a steady population, and I see no good reason for omitting that possibility.


They might say something along the lines of, apes' intelligence is stagnant because right now there's no significant evolutionary pressure favoring intelligence -- stupid apes are just as likely to pass on their genes as the smart ones. Early humans' environment on the other hand must have favored the ones that could form societies, build tools, and work together (and morality, creativity, and language are some things that would have been extremely useful in achieving that.)

But really, I'm not an evolutionary biologist -- this is just a guess based on the tiny fraction of what I know about evolutionary theory. If you're really wondering about this (and not just asking rhetorically), I'm sure there are books out there that explain it much better than I ever could.
 
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DArceri

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Your explanation still doesn't factor in population growth going back 2,000,000 years. Besides, the example purposely was over-conservative to begin with..... On the other topic, why is there only one intelligent species on earth? What are the odds of that? There are so many differnet species on this planet yet only one developed.

Sorry, to me that is what the bible means when it says:

Gen 1:27 "So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him, male and female He created them."
 
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SandRose

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darceri said:
Your explanation still doesn't factor in population growth going back 2,000,000 years.
Why not? What specifically is wrong with the simplified example that I gave?

darceri said:
On the other topic, why is there only one intelligent species on earth? What are the odds of that?
I think this question makes the assumption that our kind of intelligence is the only kind of intelligence. There are a multitude of species out there that can be said to have some type of intelligence -- dolphins, elephants, bonobos... crazy as it might sound, I have a dog that answers questions by barking and wagging her tail. Just because these guys can't read or talk to us or make tools, we assume that they aren't intelligent, or sentient, or capable of emotion.

Admittedly we've taken things like language and technology to a higher level, but I think we disagree about how far above the animal kingdom we humans actually are.

darceri said:
Sorry, to me that is what the bible means when it says:

Gen 1:27 "So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him, male and female He created them."
No need to apologize -- we obviously disagree about this, and I'm sure that neither of us are going to convince the other. I've done my best to answer your questions, you've done your best to answer mine, and I hope that at the very least we've gained a better understanding of each others' point of view. Thanks for taking the time to respond to this thread.
 
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Rafael

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I believe that some things are meant to evolve and other things, not. Immune systems evolve and adapt and are meant to, but Darwins theory goes too far with evolution, IMO, and has been refuted very convincingly by scientists as of late if one is easily impressed with large debates and great amounts of words.
Time is linear, but science shows us that there is a dimension of timelessness the Bible would term as eternity. There is neither past or future in the timeless state - only "now", and the Being able to create and have power over that dimension and the many other unseen dimensions we have recently discovered by mathematical theory would make time relative to His will. Of course I speak of God, and I do believe that we, as mere mortals bound to time as though it was a curse, have no reason to doubt God's control over time and eternity when we see it mathematically as near fct when dealing with speed, mass, and light. Ancient Hebrew texts speak of the universe being made with ten dimensions, and the last fifty years of science has revealed that a unifying theory of physics works best when using ten dimensions. It ties the theory of realtiviy and quantum mechanis together in a way that gives us a universe of the unseen, with only three dimensions being visible. If we live more in blindness to the dimensions, having only three visible ones along with time, why would we be so doubtful of the unseen God who actually is seen in all things that live? He speaks a language more complex that the mere movements of man's mouth, as life tells us much about God, to those that listen. The unseen dimensions outnumbers the seen and we struggle to even see how gravity is a distortion of time because we cannot escape our small three dimensional world of sight. What will we perceive when our senses are opened to these realities?
The Bible tells us that all things seen are made of the unseen long before man was clever enough to make a microscope, and the atoms and molecules, when they finally reveal all their secrets, will tell us of God's creation.
In my studies and observations in life, I have found the knowledge of mankind to be proud but not acurate or very great at all even though I was very enthusiastic to see it progress. In fact, through the years, it has been unreliable and ever changing because we are still very ignorant of even the base elemental powers and red faced on how to control them. Time, gravity, even a good basic explanation about why there is mass: all boil down to a mess of words for man with little power behind them to actually reproduce in kind what has been found already existing.
The even bigger problem for man is that no matter how much science and knowledge we aquire, it does not seem to help mankind escape the sin and death nature all inherited from Adam. The stark fact of this nature confronts us everytime we see the news on TV. Only one Man was ever born without a human father, that man being Jesus, and it was He that was able to live that one life for mankind that would be acceptable to a Holy God of love where sin and death cannot abide. When mankind is redeemed from the curse of sin and death, it will progress to knowing as it is known by God.
 
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DArceri

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Why not? What specifically is wrong with the simplified example that I gave?
Ok...I'll do you a favor, instead of 2,000,000 years back, just go back to 10,000 bc (a time that wikopedia says agriciulture started) and work the numbers up. I'm disregarding 1,990,000 previous years, but I'll give you a break.

There are a multitude of species out there that can be said to have some type of intelligence -- dolphins, elephants, bonobos... crazy as it might sound, I have a dog that answers questions by barking and wagging her tail.
GIVE ME A BREAK..Can they multiply 2x2? Every animal is trained by humans or is born with certain instincts. They haven't changed since mankind started.

Admittedly we've taken things like language and technology to a higher level, but I think we disagree about how far above the animal kingdom we humans actually are.
Can they build rocket ships or computers. Can the beaver build a better dam than he did 1000 years ago?
 
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DArceri

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SandRose,
Don't short-change yourself...You are unique. Every human is unique. God knows who you are and what you are thinking right at this minute. He gave you a special personality, a special soul.... Use it to you advantage and get to know God himself. That is what he desires. The bible says that Gods plan for us is salvation for all, but you need to trust and believe before your given the keys to his Kingdom... I gotta get some sleep now but I wish you would give God another look. Creation screams of a Creator.
 
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SandRose

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darceri said:
Ok...I'll do you a favor, instead of 2,000,000 years back, just go back to 10,000 bc (a time that wikopedia says agriciulture stared) and work the numbers up. I'm disregarding 1,990,000 previous years, but I'll give you a break.

Do you understand my objection? Why does your argument start with the assumption that, because 2^30.75 = 1,804,187,000, the human population therefore must have started out at 2 and doubled itself until it reached the current population?

darceri said:
Can the beaver build a better dam than he did 1000 years ago?

I'm not an expert on beavers, but I'd be willing to bet that the ones that built lousier dams than they did 1000 years ago probably died off. And if the dams they build now aren't better than the ones they built 1000 years ago, it's probably because the ones they built 1000 years ago worked fine.

As for the rest of your comments, OBVIOUSLY animals can't do math or build computers or rocket ships. My question is, why should they have to? They have their own adaptations, their own forms of intelligence, and they can survive perfectly well without technology. (Unlike humans, who in modern times survive, in large part at least, only due to their technology.)
 
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SandRose

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darceri said:
SandRose,
Don't short-change yourself...You are unique. Every human is unique.

I agree with you completely on this one, and this is where I think we share a nice lump of common ground. Please don't assume that because I'm an atheist, and because I don't believe that we were specially designed by a creator, that I don't value human life.

If my arguments against the uniqueness of human beings come off as devaluing them, I want to make it clear that this isn't what I'm trying to say -- rather, I believe that we have a tendency to devalue the rest of the species on this planet, much more than they deserve, just because they can't do everything we can. Why does saying that animals are intelligent or sentient or capable of emotion somehow decrease our own worth?

Anyway, on that note I should probably call it a night as well. Thanks again for your responses to this thread, and good night, darceri.
 
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prophecystudent

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Working from memory, the odds of a single cell organism springing into life is on the order of 1 in 10(followed by approximately 28,000 zeros). Calculate from that the probability of a 2 cell organism capable of sustaining life, or for the TRILLIONS of differentiated cells in all the various living organisms.


Secondly, explain the law of physics that allows/causes something to spring into existence from nothing.

Third, explain why the law of physics that governs the distribution of gaseous molecules in a vacuum was not in force when the big bang supposedly took place.

Explain how/what provided the magnetic attraction necessary to attract all those hydrogen molecules/atoms into one spot from all the way across the universe. (refer back to the first item to explain where the hydrogen atoms/molecules came from in the first place).

Lastly, you cited evolution as a theory. As I recall, even Darwin himself stated that he was only posing a POSSIBLE explanation for some of his observations.

In my book the similarity between various species and subspecies is explained by the concept that there are certain basic things/systems that work in our environment. That is why God (the Creator) used them in many of His creations.
 
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SandRose

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Firstly, happy birthday prophecystudent! Thanks for adding to this thread. Since you posed a number of questions/challenges, I'll try my best to address the ones that I can -- though I want to make it clear that I'm not an expert (or even very well-read) on some of these things.


I don't think any evolutionist is claiming that a single cell organism simply "sprung into life." The cell itself was the product of evolution, from polymers, to replicating polymers, then through a number of other steps before finally arriving at what we'd recognize as a simple bacteria. That process alone took something in the order of 100 million years.

prophecystudent said:
Secondly, explain the law of physics that allows/causes something to spring into existence from nothing.

If we're still talking about life, I don't think anything "sprung into existence from nothing" -- the molecules were already there. If you're talking about the beginning of the universe, I'll admit to not knowing enough about physics to attempt to provide you with an educated answer to this, or to your other physics-related questions.

But if I may ask, why does no one ask about the laws of physics that allow God's existence?

prophecystudent said:
Lastly, you cited evolution as a theory. As I recall, even Darwin himself stated that he was only posing a POSSIBLE explanation for some of his observations.

Evolution is a theory, and it has undergone 150 years of development since Darwin first proposed it. If it wasn't well-supported enough to justify calling it a theory back then, that’s no longer true in modern times -- it has such a huge body of evidence, supported by unrelated branches of science, that there's no good reason to shy away from calling it a theory now.
 
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jesusfreak0791

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What does Jesus have to do with the account of creation?

Christ is the visible likeness of the invisible God. He is the first-born Son, superior to all created things. For through Him God created everything in heaven and on earth, the seen and the unseen things, including spiritual powers, lords, rulers, and authorities. God created the whole universe through Him and for Him. Christ existed before all things, and in union with Him all things have their proper place.
(Col 1:15-17)

In the beginning the Word (Jesus) already existed; the Word was with God, and the Word was God. From the very beginning the Word was with God. Through Him God made all things; not one thing in all creation was made without Him.
(Joh 1:1-3)

Hope this helped.


 
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Key

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Even though I didn't start this thread with the expectation of discussing or defending anything, I'm touched that you're interested in my point of view, and so I'll try my best to answer your post.

I am always open to see what someone has to say. If we do not know where we are, and where the other person is, then we can never get together, and meet. Only when we grasp where each other is, then can we come mutual ground.

First of all (and this is one reason I'm already glad that I started this thread), I've never heard anyone make this distinction between the "concept of evolution" and the "theory of evolution."

Most people, never will, because they believe the two to be the same. But maybe I can explain this to you in a way that will make sense , so that you can grasp the difference. Really, it's never made, but simply because we do not define something, does not mean that it does not exist, or because we do define something, that it does.

But I'm inclined to think it's a false distinction... the concept and the scientific theory go together hand in glove.

Yes and no. The Theory is Dependent on the Concept, the Concept is not dependent on the Theory.

As in, you can not believe the Theory, with out the Concept being integral, however, you can grasp the concept, with out accepting the theory.

Without the science, the concept would be baseless; without the concept, there would be nothing to hold the scientific observations together.

Evidence is not Theory, and Theory is not Evidence. Evidence is what we have, it does not change, even if we put the wrong skull on a body, the evidence has not changed, only how we assembled the evidence has, but that does not change the fact that we had the skull, and we had the body, both are immutable evidence, and will not change, no matter what.

A Theory on the other hand is an attempt to explain the evidence, this, a Theory is not Evidence or Proof in it's own right. Many people miss the point, and think that the Theory is Evidence, or that it is necessary as a scientific base.

As such, we can hold the Concept based on the Evidence we have, while at the same time not believing in the the stories that have been constructed based on the limited evidence we do possess.

We can continue to distinguish between these two things, but I honestly think we'd just be playing word games.

I suppose we could, however, I am sure you might enjoy this, as this is just a friendly exchange, and hopefully you will enjoy what I have to say regarding this, no pressure is intended, or desired.

I don't see why fitting a new species into the phylogenic tree should be treated as undermining the theory of evolution... to me it's a bit like saying that the advances of modern physics somehow undermines the theory of gravity.

Yes, this is a wonderful example. The Theory of Gravity, is based on the Law of Gravity, however the Law functions independent of the Theory. However, the Theory of Gravity seems to only apply within the confines of a singular solar system (or relative small scale), and when it is applied to something like a Galaxy (Larger Scale), it seems to fail. As such, when we need to use a projection model for a Galaxy, we use Einsteins Theory or Relativity, and when we need to make a Solar System Model, we use Newtons Theory of Gravity.

We grasp when it comes to Physics, that what may apply to one scale on the system, does not apply to other scales. Just as Einsteins Theory of relativity, and Newtons Theory of Gravity do not apply to the molecular level, so scales of the system, do affect what we can use to make an efficient model.

And we grasp that this is the case, when we play with something as exact as physics.


Exactly the case, we see above that scale, is an issue when it comes to science. Why do we treat something as mutable and chaotic as Biology as more secure then Physics, Is something I would like for you to ponder.

Given enough time, why can't small changes eventually add up to large changes?

Great Question, and this is the very premise and foundation of the "Concept of Evolution" well, one of the concepts really.

There are different concepts on how this can happen as well.

However, if you do not go down the list, and look at the lower systems, then at this point, you only believe the "Concept" and do not follow the Theory, in a way, you only believe an Aspect of the Theory, or simply put "Just a part of it", as to the the Theory as a whole. But that is what I was talking about, many people just believe this aspect of it.

But to answer the Question:

They can.. to an extent.

Let me explain, we know that selection does have limitations, one of the most paramount limitations is the addition of Genetic information. We have yet to see a viable way to do this, beyond externally adding the Code to the life form (Genetically Engineered Plants), but have never seen a single case of genetic information being added in a natural way (Via Reproduction) that has been shown to be beneficial or non-detrimental to the life form (Downs Syndrome for example). However, we have witnessed the loss of genetic information to a life form, that has been non-detrimental.

As such, because of the evidence before us, we would then conclude that "Genetic Information" if added, needed to be added from an external agent for it to be beneficial. That would be a conclusion drawn from the Evidence.

Also note: Modifications within the existing genetic code, are acceptable, even to the point that some code can be removed, however, to change the code into a more complex code is not within the grasp of anything we have witnessed in nature, that is also supported by the Evidence.

Now, to say "Well it could happen".. that is to leave the realm of science and to make an assumption based on either no evidence, or evidence to the contra.

But that is excatly what the Theory of Evolution is placing down.

The Concept is, Changes over time, can be big changes. That concept is fine, but to the extent of those changes, is dependent on what evidence we have to show the limitations of variations within an species.

As it stands, we have no evidence that says, a Life Form can naturally become more complex in it's genetic code though natural reproduction of itself.

Thus, if I was to believe in Evolution, it would have been De-Evolution, that life is becoming more simplistic in it's genetic structure, and that could be validated by the evidence we do have.

This depends a lot on how you define separate species.

Now again you grasp a powerful aspect, much of the theory is dependent of human terms and the limitations that humans have placed on things. Just because we say it's a species, does not make it one, it makes it fit what we think the dividing line it is.

Would you say that lions and tigers are different species? Would you say that great danes and chihuahuas are different species?

Remember now, this is all just for fun and to have a joyous exchange, to see somethings and grasp the other side of the fence here. So, if this starts to go in a debate like direction, it will need to be ended, or if emotions or feelings of being hurt are present, then we equally should apologize and stop the discussion. I want this to be a joyous fun learning time for you, and maybe show you some things from the other side of the fence.


Well noted. You grasp this. Now, note, Lions and Tigers are both Cats, or felines. They can interbreed, (However I am not sure f they produce a viable offspring), but, now I may be wrong, but do not desire to do.

Dogs on the other hand, do desire to breed with each other, even the Toy Poodle, and the Mastiff will try to breed, as such, they view each other as viable mates. Thus, they should be considered the same species, by any human standard, because their very nature dictates them as such.

Evolution operates on a gradient, and pointing out the precise moment when one species evolved into another is like trying to point to the spot where yellow turns to orange on a color wheel.

Awesome analogy, however, this is only one Concept of how it progresses, there are other Theories within the Theory of Evolution that point this in a different direction. There is the Caustic Theory , and the Punctured Equilibrium, these are the two major ones(There might be a few minor ones, not sure). Now you need to ask yourself, Which one do you subscribe to, and then when you ask this question, you then need to ask, well if I have to ask this question, then how do I know if I am believing in this Coherent Theory, if I have to ask this question.

Now usign yoru color wheel: you may say, on a 8bit scale, you can see the distinct lines quite well, on a 32 bit scale, it's harder, and on a 128 bit sale it's even harder to note the distinction.

The problem we possess, we do not know the color scale, or even if there is gradation into species, did a Lion and a Tiger at one time have the same ancestor? The Theory says Yes, the Concept says it does not matter. The Evidence says "We don't know".


Well they were two dogs, the one on top is an American Bulldog, the one on the bottom is a French Bulldog. However, I made this point to you, to show you something.

They were both dogs, and they were both in the breed of bulldog.

However, if you can notice such modifications within a sub category of species like breed, then when you look at a human skull, and trace it's history back, then maybe you need to look at a lot more then just the skull. However, the entire bases of the Evolution of man, is based on just that.. the skull. Which I was just trying to show you, can be misleading.

Like for example:




Could this have been just variants in the breed, as opposed to a completely different species? (Sorry about the damage to the skulls, it makes it hard to see well).

Can we make this assessment based on the skull alone?

Now here is a fun question I like to ask people, because, it just is a great question to put out, only because it makes people think about things different.

Did Humans evolve from Chimpanzees, or did Chimpanzees evolve from Humans, (Now the best answer is, we shared a common ancestor). However, can you prove that as well?

Can you prove that the Chimpanzee did not exist first, and we evolved specialty from what is current day Chimpanzees, because the chimpanzee did not need to change, just as the Great White shark has not needed to change for the last 65 million years. (Think about that, 65 million years, the Great White has been around and unchanged, and human has only been around for about 3.4 million years, and seems to have changed all over the place)

See these are questions, that the Theory of Evolution, seeks to answer. They say "We evolved from a common ancestor" however, that is not fact or evidence, that is opinion of the evidence.

In the end, we don't know, we can only formulate a guess, based on what we think should happen, and built off a concept of what we think is correct.

But in some cases what we do know, does not agree with how the Theory is laid out. And that is a problem, and it becomes a greater problem, when people do not look at all the diffrent aspects and see how they fit.

Imagine the Theory of Evolution is like a Jig Saw puzzle, but as you work the puzzle, you discover, that the pieces do not fit as well as what you have been told, and in the end, you end up with a different picture then what was on the box. Your first conclusion is "Something is very wrong here, either I have the wrong pieces, or they have the wrong image"

The problem I have now, is that I am told the image is right, despite that problem.

I am left to conclude one thing:

We both might be, but one of us must be, wrong.
Abraham Lincoln.

Yes, I completely agree -- these discussions / question-answer sessions of ours have all been very intellectually stimulating to me, and I'd be happy to continue them as long as you're up for it

I hope I have only given you food for thought, and allowed you to look at things from maybe a diffrent angle, no matter what you believe, it is always a wonderful journey to discovery when you can exchange between people, and still feel safe and secure in what you have to say will be treated with respect.

I hope that I have treated your words with respect and appreciation, and that you do not feel like we are having a debate, but an expression of hope to explain your question.

Always.

God Bless

Key
 
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salida

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SandRose-

Christians who reject evolution are most likely rejecting the false evolution of something coming from nothing. This is false science and not even remotely has any missing link to it. My professors even rejected this as I have a biology degree. Darwinism - doesn't.

If you go to www.reasons.org - it brings true science and faith together. Evolution called microevolution and certain macroevolution is correct but the something coming from nothing so they can do "without God" is strange. Its like saying that your car just appeared in thin air. This isn't remotely possible for this to occur.
 
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Key

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Abiogenesis.

Believe it or not.. that is still around.. and still has some very strong adherents.

God Bless

Key.
 
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SandRose

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Thanks for the response, Key. Firstly, if any of my comments gave the impression that this is becoming too heated or debate-like, let me apologize -- I was only doing my best to answer your questions, and I had no desire to take anything too personally or hurt anyone's feelings. I appreciate the long responses you've been giving, and that we can even have this discussion / question-answer session without being condescending or antagonistic toward one another. (Which is the primary reason why I had no desire to start up a thread like this in the Creation/Evolution forum... even as new as I am to CF, it seems like there's nothing but mud-slinging in there.)


I still don't see a good reason for making this distinction (and we may just have to agree to disagree on this.) While I agree that Theory is not Evidence (even though it's the theory that holds a wide body of evidence together) and while I agree that Evidence is not Theory (even though it points to the theory), these are still just words, and I don't think they have any bearing on what's true and what isn't.

If I could try to give an example of what I mean... all I'm saying is that without the scientific theory of evolution, the concept of evolution would be just as arbitrary as saying that the wide variety of life on earth rained down from meteors or something. It wouldn't make much sense to believe in the meteor concept independently of the scientific evidence for or against it.

Key said:
Now, note, Lions and Tigers are both Cats, or felines. They can interbreed, (However I am not sure f they produce a viable offspring)

Here's something interesting to share -- Go to Google and type in "liger." It's a hybrid produced from a male lion and a female tiger (and they're bloody huge -- the biggest cats in the world I think, even though they're not a pure breed). They weren't forcibly bred by humans -- the lions and tigers happened to be in the same enclosure, and ended up mating. If this constitutes the "desire to breed with each other" rationale you applied to dogs, then lions and tigers should indeed be considered as part of a single species of cats / felines. The fact that we're more likely to designate them as separate species, while claiming that different breeds of dogs are not, shows how truly arbitrary these distinctions are.

Tying the dogs example to the human skulls example -- what difference would it make if these two specimens would be better described as different "breeds" than different "species"? These are just words, arbitrary distinctions that we as humans make... I don't see how they have any bearing on whether the organism changed over time, or whether those changes could eventually amount to the difference between an ape-like creature and a human-like creature.

Key said:
I hope that I have treated your words with respect and appreciation, and that you do not feel like we are having a debate, but an expression of hope to explain your question.

Thanks again, Key. Even though we may not necessarily agree, I'm glad we're able to have this exchange. There seems to be a common misconception (on both sides of the creation / evolution divide) that the other side is just stupid, or immune to reason, or some other such nonsense, and I hope that this thread is helping to allow both sides a better understanding of the reasoning behind the others' beliefs.
 
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