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A mechanism for Free Will?

t_w

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Code-Monkey said:
Hmm... I think the default belief is that are actions are not determined.
Not off to a good start. Free will is a thing. Therefore, by saying it exists, you are required to provide evidence for it. If I see no evidence, I should reject your concept of free-will. It is blindingly obvious the burden of proof is always on he who posits the existence of an entity, not on he who rejects it. The deafult position is to reject all propositions. You already reject 'the pink elephant lives on the moon'. The burden of proof is not on you to prove there is no such elephant on the moon. I hope you can grasp this, or the discussion is doomed...

I would say that if you say there is no free will and our actions are determined by the environment, then you are the one making the positive claim and the burden of proof lies with you. But regardless of who has the burden of proof.... all empirical evidence from my view points to free will.
LOL!!!! There is NO free will is a negative statement. It is not a positive statement. A positive statement is 'there is free will'.

So the claim that our actions are determined seems to be like that china teapont orbiting the sun. I don't know why I should have believe that my actions are caused unless someone has at least some shred of empirical evidence for it.
There is evidence your actions are caused. For example, someone slaughtering your entire family would almost certainly cause you to cry. The action of crying is clearly caused by the death of your family.

I will say that I think people have some notion that free will seems to mean that we can do anything.
No-one I have ever spoken to on the matter has ever thought such a thing. Do you have a link backing up your claim?

If the soul is the free agent, but the soul uses the brain as basically a radio receiver for a lack of a better analogy...
BTW, if I say the soul doesn't exist is the burden of proof on me? Lol. My point being, of course, provide some evidence for this soul or don't bring it up to back up your argument.

The bigger thing people imply is that free will should somehow grant us superpowers. So if I will myself to fly, then if I have free will then I really should be flying.
This is by far the most incredible strawman of our position I have ever seen. I find it hard to believe anyone has ever implied such a thing.

I think most rational people seem to understand that free will is restricted within the laws of nature. So flying, as not permissible by people without the aid of technology, is not possible. But free will would allow me to say poptart or click-click-clack to you when you asked me what time it is.
You think that because something is unusual it is unpredictable. You do know that if I had a deterministic model of your brain, and knew all information about it, and all information about external factors that could influence you, I could completely predict what you say or do(excluding random causes, which are contrary to free will anyway).
 
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elman

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Originally Posted by: Code-Monkey

Hmm... I think the default belief is that are actions are not determined.

Not off to a good start. Free will is a thing. Therefore, by saying it exists, you are required to provide evidence for it. If I see no evidence, I should reject your concept of free-will. It is blindingly obvious the burden of proof is always on he who posits the existence of an entity, not on he who rejects it. The deafult position is to reject all propositions. You already reject 'the pink elephant lives on the moon'. The burden of proof is not on you to prove there is no such elephant on the moon. I hope you can grasp this, or the discussion is doomed...
What is blindingly obvious is you don't accept the evidence you have. You see no evidence simply because you chose to deny you see evidence.

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I would say that if you say there is no free will and our actions are determined by the environment, then you are the one making the positive claim and the burden of proof lies with you. But regardless of who has the burden of proof.... all empirical evidence from my view points to free will.

LOL!!!! There is NO free will is a negative statement. It is not a positive statement. A positive statement is 'there is free will'.

I see a rock. You say it is not a rock. You have the burden of proof to sustain the statment that what I see is not a rock.

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So the claim that our actions are determined seems to be like that china teapont orbiting the sun. I don't know why I should have believe that my actions are caused unless someone has at least some shred of empirical evidence for it.


There is evidence your actions are caused. For example, someone slaughtering your entire family would almost certainly cause you to cry. The action of crying is clearly caused by the death of your family.

When one loses a family they love, they do not have the free will to chose to be happy about it. That has nothing to do with free will.
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I will say that I think people have some notion that free will seems to mean that we can do anything.

No-one I have ever spoken to on the matter has ever thought such a thing. Do you have a link backing up your claim?
Your example above is one.


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If the soul is the free agent, but the soul uses the brain as basically a radio receiver for a lack of a better analogy...

BTW, if I say the soul doesn't exist is the burden of proof on me? Lol. My point being, of course, provide some evidence for this soul or don't bring it up to back up your argument.

If I posit that we exist for a reason, my inability to prove to your satisfaction what that reason is does not make the possibility of our existence being for a reason something we cannot discuss.

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I think most rational people seem to understand that free will is restricted within the laws of nature. So flying, as not permissible by people without the aid of technology, is not possible. But free will would allow me to say poptart or click-click-clack to you when you asked me what time it is.

You think that because something is unusual it is unpredictable. You do know that if I had a deterministic model of your brain, and knew all information about it, and all information about external factors that could influence you, I could completely predict what you say or do(excluding random causes, which are contrary to free will anyway).
What evidence do you have that you could completely predict my actions if you knew all information I had and all external factors that could influence me? If you are unable to provide evidence do not bring it up to back up your argument.
 
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t_w

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elman said:
What is blindingly obvious is you don't accept the evidence you have. You see no evidence simply because you chose to deny you see evidence.
Tell me of this evidence then. Give me a chance to accept it. And don't use a circular argument.


I see a rock. You say it is not a rock. You have the burden of proof to sustain the statment that what I see is not a rock.
If you see there is a rock, I will ask to see the rock before I believe it exists. Therefore, the burden of proof is on you. Now, we do not see 'free will' anyway. Free will is a mechanism postulated by some, and thus that 'some' have to provide evidence for that claim. I'm not saying you have no evidence! I'm asking for that evidence before I accept your claim.


When one loses a family they love, they do not have the free will to chose to be happy about it. That has nothing to do with free will.
If they are sad their sadness is caused by the death of their family. So something can cause our actions.

Your example above is one.
You and I both know it's not. I never said anything similar to 'free will requires us to be able to do anything'. As a matter of fact, I believe in free will.


If I posit that we exist for a reason, my inability to prove to your satisfaction what that reason is does not make the possibility of our existence being for a reason something we cannot discuss.
I don't ask you to prove anything. In the realm of philosophy, very little is proved. All I ask for is the evidence that persuaded you of your belief. If there is no evidence, we can't discuss the validity of your belief, can we?

What evidence do you have that you could completely predict my actions if you knew all information I had and all external factors that could influence me? If you are unable to provide evidence do not bring it up to back up your argument.
My evidence is drawn from logic and the scientific method. For example, if we know the velocity and mass of each molecule in a system, then(excluding random events), I will be able to calculate any collision that will occur as a result of the movement, and any change in the system will be as a result of a collision, which is the result of velocity and mass. If I know the velocity and mass of a molecule, I can calculate the Moment of that molecule, and therefore I can calculate the resultant velocity of any two molecules after they collide. The rest logically follows from this. The only thing that stops us absolutely knowing the future is stochacism(randomness), but as I have earlier shown, free will cannot have anything to do with a random event.
Now, if you spot a flaw in my reasoning above, feel free to point it out. If I agree with your critique I will happily admit my error.
Will you provide your evidence for free will, as I have for determinism above?
 
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Dylock

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a big problem seems to be a logic problem here for those that arent understanding t_w. consider the following:
(P1): A because of B
(P2):C
(C): B
This would be a circular arguement because in order for the conclusion to be true it assumes the truth of B in P1 in order for the conclusion to be true. You cant use B in your premise because you haven't proven its vality yet.

Or think of it like this: You are standing looking at a box, there is a crowbar inside the box. You then attempt to open the box with the crowbar inside the box.

Maybe that will clear some things up.

Or you know, you could redefine free will to what it really means :D
go go compatibilism!
 
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elman

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Originally Posted by: elman
What is blindingly obvious is you don't accept the evidence you have. You see no evidence simply because you chose to deny you see evidence.

Tell me of this evidence then. Give me a chance to accept it. And don't use a circular argument.
I have not bee using a circular argument. The evidence is the same for you as for me. I observe the real world I live in and the consequeces that follow from my actions in this world.

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I see a rock. You say it is not a rock. You have the burden of proof to sustain the statment that what I see is not a rock.

If you see there is a rock, I will ask to see the rock before I believe it exists. Therefore, the burden of proof is on you. Now, we do not see 'free will' anyway. Free will is a mechanism postulated by some, and thus that 'some' have to provide evidence for that claim. I'm not saying you have no evidence! I'm asking for that evidence before I accept your claim.
Who forced you to write that? Did you decide on your own to write it? That is evidence.

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When one loses a family they love, they do not have the free will to chose to be happy about it. That has nothing to do with free will.

If they are sad their sadness is caused by the death of their family. So something can cause our actions.
I did not and I doubt anyone else has said something cannot cause our actions. All our actions however are not caused by things outside of us. Some are caused by decisions within our brain.


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Your example above is one.

You and I both know it's not. I never said anything similar to 'free will requires us to be able to do anything'. As a matter of fact, I believe in free will.
Why are we arguing then?

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If I posit that we exist for a reason, my inability to prove to your satisfaction what that reason is does not make the possibility of our existence being for a reason something we cannot discuss.

I don't ask you to prove anything. In the realm of philosophy, very little is proved. All I ask for is the evidence that persuaded you of your belief. If there is no evidence, we can't discuss the validity of your belief, can we?

There is evidence in my life that loving people have a better time in life than the unloving and selfish. Have you seen that evidence?


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What evidence do you have that you could completely predict my actions if you knew all information I had and all external factors that could influence me? If you are unable to provide evidence do not bring it up to back up your argument.

My evidence is drawn from logic and the scientific method. For example, if we know the velocity and mass of each molecule in a system, then(excluding random events), I will be able to calculate any collision that will occur as a result of the movement, and any change in the system will be as a result of a collision, which is the result of velocity and mass. If I know the velocity and mass of a molecule, I can calculate the Moment of that molecule, and therefore I can calculate the resultant velocity of any two molecules after they collide. The rest logically follows from this. The only thing that stops us absolutely knowing the future is stochacism(randomness), but as I have earlier shown, free will cannot have anything to do with a random event.
Now, if you spot a flaw in my reasoning above, feel free to point it out. If I agree with your critique I will happily admit my error.
Will you provide your evidence for free will, as I have for determinism above?
Where is the brain, consciousness, in your above description of velocity and mass?
 
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Code-Monkey

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t_w said:
Not off to a good start. Free will is a thing. Therefore, by saying it exists, you are required to provide evidence for it. If I see no evidence, I should reject your concept of free-will. It is blindingly obvious the burden of proof is always on he who posits the existence of an entity, not on he who rejects it. The deafult position is to reject all propositions. You already reject 'the pink elephant lives on the moon'. The burden of proof is not on you to prove there is no such elephant on the moon. I hope you can grasp this, or the discussion is doomed...

Actually... I think we can all agree that we perform certain actions. The default view is simply that we perform certain actions. That's the simplest answer that's supported by the evidence. There is no reason to go on to postulate that there was a cause for those actions. But even if there was, there is no evidence of that cause. Adding an unnecessary and unevidenced cause means that you are violating occam's razor. Thus, the default view is one that says we ourselves are choosing our own actions, not that there is an additional cause.

t_w said:
LOL!!!! There is NO free will is a negative statement. It is not a positive statement. A positive statement is 'there is free will'.

It's a semantics thing. We can reword it if this is your big hang-up in the discussion. The point is simply that determinism suggests something beyond free will -- it adds an extra, unnecessary, and unevidenced variable into the equation. Therefore the default is still free will, and the burden of proof lies with the one claiming determinism is true.

t_w said:
There is evidence your actions are caused. For example, someone slaughtering your entire family would almost certainly cause you to cry. The action of crying is clearly caused by the death of your family.

I'm afraid that's very poor reasoning. But we can test it better. Surely you would say that our hunger causes us to eat. So all we have to do is find someone that can not eat. If hunger causes people to eat is a claim, then it's falsifiable by a hungry man not eating when given the opportunity.

t_w said:
No-one I have ever spoken to on the matter has ever thought such a thing. Do you have a link backing up your claim?

A number of people define free will as the ability to do whatever (similar to what the common definition of omnipotent says). And then also a number of people believe that omnipotence means that God can do illogical things, such as make a squared circle. I'm just making people understand that I'm using the more common version of the notion of free will and not suggesting that someone with free will has the ability to "jump over the moon".

I'm sure you can google and find some people making this claim. It does pop up here now and then.

t_w said:
You think that because something is unusual it is unpredictable. You do know that if I had a deterministic model of your brain, and knew all information about it, and all information about external factors that could influence you, I could completely predict what you say or do(excluding random causes, which are contrary to free will anyway).

I understand you believe this... it's just a baseless claim. And there is just extremely poor evidence to back it up.

But again... I'm claiming that the cause of the action starts with the people (as is the default view). You are suggesting that there is an additional cause, which means you are burdened with provided evidence for that claim.

As for your one example of the fact that I may cry if you murder my family... my view, that the cause of the action originates with the person performing the action, also supports the idea that people may cry if they learn about that act. My view also supports that they may laugh, they may dance, they may ask how much money can they get, they may act in a completely random and unpredictable manner. If my view is correct then we'll expect to see that wide variety of behavior -- and sure enough we do. But my view certainly supports the idea that people can have common desires, feelings, and so forth. So if most people cry, then it is still perfectly within the middle of my view. If all people break down and cry the instant they here about their family being murdered, then the evidence in this case would support your view.

I remember a discussion on this forum I was having with someone about a year ago on free will. He also was suggesting that our actions are caused by forces outside of ourselves. I asked him to say something strange like, "That chicken tastes like a poptart". And he indulged me and said it. And then sure enough he claimed that I caused him to say it. It was pretty funny to me.

The deterministic view also fails (to me) for a less scientific and yet stronger view that's simply harder to describe. And so of course I'm not going to describe or debate it very much here. But to keep it short, I will simply say that the facts simply don't seem to add up when someone says that the devil made them do it. Similarly, the facts don't seem to add up when someone says that the video game made them do it. And I say it's less scientific, but in reality, it's far more scientific but not as formal in it's methodology for how we come to those conclusions. If video games really cause kids to harm others, then we should see virtually all kids who play video games out there beating up and shooting up schools. If someone wants to claim that if you add this chemical to that chemical then this reaction will take place, then that's great because we can test that. If we try it a number of times and it doesn't happen, then we've just falsified the claim. It's a similar thing to when people suggest that something has caused some person to act a certain way. We need to see it almost always happen in order to reasonably happen. If someone cries that it's too complex to predict, then that's fine, but they need to understand that it's as plausible as me saying that I can cause it to rain, but it's just too complex to measure. The deterministic view has a serious credibility problem. Someone can claim its their fate to do such and such all they want and that they had no choice in the matter... but it simply seems to disagree with every bit of evidence I see in my own life and in the people around me. And virtually everyone talks as if we did have free will. Before I could reasonably believe in determinism, I would first have to someone come to believe that everyone is under some grand illusion first. It's like coming to believe that we're inside of the matrix.
 
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Code-Monkey

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Osiris said:
Randomness is a contradiction to the "will"... if it is random then you never willed it.

An agent with free will by definition is capable of acting in a random manner (from the perspective of creatures apart from that agent).

Random does not mean "unwilled". And it certainly does not imply that the agent making the choice will be unintelligent or somehow careless as to what that agent chooses. It simply means that it will not be predictable by outside agents.

Osiris said:
No. You are suggesting putting this something in a black box and never considering how it works. (see the problem here?)

What if this something was a robot that I made? Will you say it is random? To you it might me, but to me it isn't because I was the one the created it.

Sure. So now we have people, who for keeping with the analogy we'll suggest are people. All we need to do now to support the claim that people don't originate their actions but some outside force causes their actions, is provide some mechanism for testing that claim. If we can very accurately predict that people's actions are caused by external things, then we have a case. But without evidence for the claim, we're left with claiming an extra and unnecessary cause. We have to intentionally violate occam's razor in order to accept determinism.

Osiris said:
Code-Monkey, basically your rebuttal is that you can choose something else that other people won't know... which is what t_w said not to do.... because it plainly is circular reasoning.

It's a simple scientific experiment. In science when you want to test a claim, you subject one component to something, and then in the other component you don't subject it to that thing. You repeat it multiple times and of course test it out on various subjects, etc... If someone is claiming that hunger causes me to do something, then that claim is only supported if in fact that I am forced to eat when I get hungry. It's a rather simple experiment people can do to falsify determinism.

The problem with determinism is simply that it's making an unnecessary claim with no supporting evidence. It violates occam's razor. And the only reason people seem to suggest it is simply because of the theological implications OR because they want to somehow escape responsibility (ie, the devil made me do it, the video game made me do it, he made me do it, etc...).

If we're going to move away from the default view, we have to have evidence or some reasonable argument for believing something different.
 
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t_w

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elman said:
I have not bee using a circular argument. The evidence is the same for you as for me. I observe the real world I live in and the consequeces that follow from my actions in this world.
Not evidence.

Who forced you to write that? Did you decide on your own to write it? That is evidence.
I will try and teach you what a circularity is using your own example.
P1: Free will = making choices.
P2: We make choices(we have free will)
C1: We have free will.
We can see you have simply rephrased P2 in order to make the circularity less obvious. The whole question is whether we actually do make choices - you just rephrased it from this:
P1:Free will = making choices
P2: We have free will
C1: We have free will.
That is your argument. Can you see the problem.

I did not and I doubt anyone else has said something cannot cause our actions. All our actions however are not caused by things outside of us. Some are caused by decisions within our brain.
So give me an example of something uncaused.

Why are we arguing then?
Because your belief is founded upon a fallacy.


There is evidence in my life that loving people have a better time in life than the unloving and selfish. Have you seen that evidence?
Don't understand your argument...


Where is the brain, consciousness, in your above description of velocity and mass?
Everything in the brain is material. Fact. Therefore, everything in the brain adheres to the same laws of velocity and mass.
 
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t_w

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Code-Monkey said:
An agent with free will by definition is capable of acting in a random manner (from the perspective of creatures apart from that agent).
A random event is uncaused. As opposed to a determined event.

Random does not mean "unwilled". And it certainly does not imply that the agent making the choice will be unintelligent or somehow careless as to what that agent chooses. It simply means that it will not be predictable by outside agents.
It means it is not the result of a strict deterministc path.


Sure. So now we have people, who for keeping with the analogy we'll suggest are people. All we need to do now to support the claim that people don't originate their actions but some outside force causes their actions, is provide some mechanism for testing that claim. If we can very accurately predict that people's actions are caused by external things, then we have a case. But without evidence for the claim, we're left with claiming an extra and unnecessary cause. We have to intentionally violate occam's razor in order to accept determinism.
Whilst people originate their actions, their mechanism for originating(the brain) is caused by external factors, as are their genes. Hence, everything is essentially external to their control. If the environment is such that it forms their brain to make them sadistic and malicious, it is essentially not their fault.

It's a simple scientific experiment. In science when you want to test a claim, you subject one component to something, and then in the other component you don't subject it to that thing. You repeat it multiple times and of course test it out on various subjects, etc... If someone is claiming that hunger causes me to do something, then that claim is only supported if in fact that I am forced to eat when I get hungry. It's a rather simple experiment people can do to falsify determinism.
Determinism is a fact! It has not been falsified. Determinism is definitely not absolute, or the only thing causing things - since randomness exists - but ideterminism exists. To say it doesn't is quite ludicrous.

The problem with determinism is simply that it's making an unnecessary claim with no supporting evidence. It violates occam's razor. And the only reason people seem to suggest it is simply because of the theological implications OR because they want to somehow escape responsibility (ie, the devil made me do it, the video game made me do it, he made me do it, etc...).
Determinism does not violate responsibility. We need responsibility for our society to operate, whether it it genuine or not. Now, the claim, 'free will exists' is the one violated by old William of Occam. If it did or didn't exist, nothing would be any different, so we can conclude it does exist cine the axioms of an entity should not be multiplied beyond beyond necessity.

If we're going to move away from the default view, we have to have evidence or some reasonable argument for believing something different.
The default is everything is determined and/or random. Free will must be something different. WHat is it?
 
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elman

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Originally Posted by: elman

I have not been using a circular argument. The evidence is the same for you as for me. I observe the real world I live in and the consequeces that follow from my actions in this world.

Not evidence.
It is in a court of law and scientist recognize impirical evidence.

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Who forced you to write that? Did you decide on your own to write it? That is evidence.

I will try and teach you what a circularity is using your own example.
P1: Free will = making choices.
P2: We make choices(we have free will)
C1: We have free will.
We can see you have simply rephrased P2 in order to make the circularity less obvious. The whole question is whether we actually do make choices - you just rephrased it from this:
P1:Free will = making choices
P2: We have free will
C1: We have free will.
That is your argument. Can you see the problem.
I can see you did not respond to what I said. Here is the argument. I see that I have choices. I observe I can chose to shave or not shave, go to the movies or not, act lovingly to someone in need or not. Therefore I am able to make choices. Choices equal free will. Therefore I have free will.

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I did not and I doubt anyone else has said something cannot cause our actions. All our actions however are not caused by things outside of us. Some are caused by decisions within our brain.

So give me an example of something uncaused.

I did not say our decisions are uncaused. We cause them.
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Why are we arguing then?

Because your belief is founded upon a fallacy.

What fallacy? What belief? That I observe myself making choices? That is not a belief, but an observation

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There is evidence in my life that loving people have a better time in life than the unloving and selfish. Have you seen that evidence?

Don't understand your argument...
It was not an argument. It was a question. Have you observed that the happies people around you are the ones who are loving toward others?

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Where is the brain, consciousness, in your above description of velocity and mass?

Everything in the brain is material. Fact. Therefore, everything in the brain adheres to the same laws of velocity and mass.
Is it a fact that a thought is material?
 
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Mistadobalina

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elman said:
I can see you did not respond to what I said. Here is the argument. I see that I have choices. I observe I can chose to shave or not shave, go to the movies or not, act lovingly to someone in need or not. Therefore I am able to make choices. Choices equal free will. Therefore I have free will.
There is no evidence that any of the alternatives to the actions you undertook could, or would have taken place. And why assume "choices equal free will"? Your choices may be in their entirety the products of a linear universe (not saying they are, but there's no evidence supporting your claim or mine).

Of course, it is also entirely possible that your definition and mine of "free will" is slightly different.
 
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elman

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Mistadobalina said:
There is no evidence that any of the alternatives to the actions you undertook could, or would have taken place. And why assume "choices equal free will"? Your choices may be in their entirety the products of a linear universe (not saying they are, but there's no evidence supporting your claim or mine).

Of course, it is also entirely possible that your definition and mine of "free will" is slightly different.
If you don't think having the ability to make choices is evidence of have a free will, then we have a radically different defintion of free will. What is a linear universe? There is observable evidence that I make choices and consequences follow from what choices I make.
 
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Mistadobalina

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I don't believe there is observable evidence that you make choices, as you only actually observe the consequences that you undertook, not the consequences of the actions you did not undertake.

By "linear universe" I mean a long sequence of events (as in, fate or destiny, though I don't like using either word as they imply the intervention of some entity). The only other possiblity I can imagine is one where there are influences of the random.
 
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elman

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Mistadobalina said:
I don't believe there is observable evidence that you make choices, as you only actually observe the consequences that you undertook, not the consequences of the actions you did not undertake.
It seems reasonable to me to assume that if I chose not to reply to your post, it would not be replied to by me. I chose to shave and if I did not chose to shave I would be unshaven. That just seems logical to me. So I have not a clue as to why you think we have no evidence all around us that we can and do make choices.

By "linear universe" I mean a long sequence of events (as in, fate or destiny, though I don't like using either word as they imply the intervention of some entity). The only other possiblity I can imagine is one where there are influences of the random.
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The universe is I believe in the context of time a long sequence of events. I believe some things do happen by chance or random and other things happen because someone makes them happen that way.
 
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Mistadobalina

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elman said:
It seems reasonable to me to assume that if I chose not to reply to your post, it would not be replied to by me. I chose to shave and if I did not chose to shave I would be unshaven. That just seems logical to me. So I have not a clue as to why you think we have no evidence all around us that we can and do make choices.
Okay, thought experiment time. You see a man get stabbed in the street, his assailant runs away. You rush to him to help.

If the event happened a number of times, without prior knowledge of any unforseen consequences of your actions, would you not act the same? And if you act differently, two things- 1. Is it just down to chance, or something else? 2. Is it not a good thing for your actions to be consistent with circumstances in such a way?

Whether your actions are based on linearity (I'm thinking chaos theory here) or partial randomness, I really don't see how "free will" can possibly fit in. There may be other possiblities, but I am unaware of them.
 
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elman

elman
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Mistadobalina said:
Okay, thought experiment time. You see a man get stabbed in the street, his assailant runs away. You rush to him to help.

If the event happened a number of times, without prior knowledge of any unforseen consequences of your actions, would you not act the same? And if you act differently, two things- 1. Is it just down to chance, or something else? 2. Is it not a good thing for your actions to be consistent with circumstances in such a way?

Whether your actions are based on linearity (I'm thinking chaos theory here) or partial randomness, I really don't see how "free will" can possibly fit in. There may be other possiblities, but I am unaware of them.
I see no evidence that it would always be the same reaction. You are simply guessing about that. I do see that I chose to say things a certain way and I observe I could have said them different. Given the opportunity I would sometimes have said them differently. I do not see it as a good thing necessarily that my actions would be consistent with circumstances. We can always learn to do better given the same circumstances and if we don't we are not maturing properly.
 
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Mistadobalina

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elman said:
I see no evidence that it would always be the same reaction. You are simply guessing about that. I do see that I chose to say things a certain way and I observe I could have said them different.
Just as you are simply "guessing" that the percieved alternative to the taken action in the case you mentioned (shaving) could possibly have taken place. Of course, it could have happened differently depending on your choices, but are your thoughts not subject to the same dynamics as everything else? You may think they are not, I think they are.

Basically, I think a human's actions are entirely predictable and consistent in a given set of circumstances, as I believe human thoughts are merely a circumstance like any other.
 
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