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A global flood. A topic struggled with by Christians and Atheists alike. Did it really happen? Or was it simply a metaphor? Was it global or did it just cover the known earth of that time? Is there evidence for the flood? These are great questions, and questions that I needed to answer.
I come from a traditional Christian home and have historically taken a literal view of Genesis. However, God has given me a desire to be better able to answer questions like those posted above and I did not want to take other peoples word for it, I wanted to check the sources, follow the leads, and come to an independent conclusion. A conclusion I believed in, and am able to defend, both on a spiritual and intellectual basis.
I decided to start with the most basic of questions: Did the flood even happen? If you look at Scripture (Genesis 6 8), you can only come to the conclusion that it did occur and that it was in fact a global flood. The flood got worse until all the highest mountains were covered the high water mark reached 20 ft above the crest of the mountains. That would place the water approx 29,049 ft deep, 20 ft higher then Everest. Genesis goes on Everything died. Anything that moved dead. Birds, farm animals, wild animals, the entire teaming exuberance of life dead. And all the people dead. Every living breathing creature that lived on dry land died; He wiped out the whole works people and animals, crawling creatures and flying birds, every last one of them, gone. Only Noah and his company on the ship lived. The floodwaters took over for 150 days. To me, it sounds like the author is taking a painstaking effort to stress the global effect of this flood.
For a Christian, the Bible is the source of all truth and knowledge. Therefore this would be enough. Or, even if there was still doubt we could further evaluate the rest of Scripture to see what is said about the flood. Verses like Job 22:15-16, Is. 54:9, Luke 3:36, or Matt. 24:37-38. So, for the dedicated Christian, there can not be any doubt. To deny the global flood places our entire belief system at risk.
Here the questions could end, but I think an entire audience has been left out. What about the large group of people who do not believe Scripture to be the source of truth. In fact, they may even believe the Bible to be a complete lie? The questions that are usually posed consist of: are there proofs of a global flood outside of Scripture? How do global flood legends compare with the Bibles account? What did the ark look like and was it big enough to carry two of all the animals? If so, how did Noah gather all the animals? How could fresh water fish survive a flood? How could Noah and his family take care of all the animals and themselves? That and other questions that arise during my research is what I plan to focus on for the remainder of this search.
Please understand, for me Scripture is my final authority on all things. Therefore, I am not worried about searching the unknown (or at least unknown to me) for I already know the outcome. The excitement is everything you learn on the journey and all the new questions that will be raised. If, at anytime during the reading of this, you have questions or you feel I have not addressed a topic sufficiently, please write it down and follow up on it. Do not take this lightly; these questions are a matter of life and death. If Christians are wrong, then atheist Quentin Smith was right when he said We came from nothing, by nothing, for nothing. But, if Christians are right, well then, things are very different.
With that, lets begin
1) Are there proofs of a global flood outside of Scripture?
The simple answer to this question is yes, and lots of it. However, a lot of it requires an understanding or desire to understand geology. Though I have the desire, my knowledge is limited and instead of me just copying and pasting the answers, I will send you direct to the source: http://www.globalflood.org/. Here Dr. John Baumgardner has collected a selection of the massive evidence that supports the reality of the biblical flood and given a clear description of a tectonic mechanism for this cataclysm as well as current modeling results. If you can understand that last sentence or would like to be able to, www.globalflood.org is a great place to start. Another great source is http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/geology.asp where it is presented in more of a Q&A format. Some of the information I present in this article has come from these two sources.
2) How do global flood legends compare with the biblical account of the flood?
At first this question did not sit right with me, I did not really care what other legends or cultures said about a flood because I did not believe the rest of their beliefs to be true. But as I started to think about it, I developed in my mind a lying logic. The thinking that if 10 people tell a story that has been passed on to them as history and all 10 stories have one single aspect that is the same, you can logically assume that one point is accurate. Now if you take that thinking past 10 stories, and make it 100 or 1000, the strength of this single truth becomes compelling. As it turns out, I was not the first to think of this. Anthropologists believe that myths come from faded memories and when two separate cultures have similar aspects in a myth; their ancestors must have the same history.
With my lying logic and support from the Anthropology community, I present the Incas of (what is known today as) Peru. The Inca Empire extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands of South America from the northern border of modern Ecuador, through all of Peru, and as far south as the Maule River in central Chile. We do not know how long the Incas had survived there as they were mostly destroyed by the Spanish in 1532-1562. They believed that their creator god, Viracocha, decided to make a world for great giants called men. He crafted these giants out of stone and then gave them life. At first everything seemed to be going fine but after some time the giants began to fight between themselves and refused to work, thus causing Viracocha to destroy them. Some he turned into stone, others he killed with a global flood. They had a well documented account of the flood, saying that it perished all races of men and created things insomuch that the waters rose above the highest mountain peaks in the world. It goes on to say no living thing survived except a man and a women who remained in a box and, when the waters subsided, the wind carried them to land.
There are many more cultures with stories and beliefs that I could tell you about. But I think the example above and the results of a study Dr John Morris completed of 200 flood legends from various groups around the world will suffice:
Common themes from Flood Myths:
- Was there a favored family? 88%
- Were they forewarned? 66%
- Is flood due to wickedness of man? 66%
- Is the catastrophe only a flood? 95%
- Was the flood global? 95%
- Is survival due to a boat? 70%
- Were animals also saved? 67%
- Did animals play any part? 73%
- Did survivors land on a mountain? 57%
- Were birds sent out? 35%
- Was the rainbow mentioned? 7%
- Did survivors offer a sacrifice? 13%
- Were specifically eight persons saved? 9%
3) What did the ark look like and was it big enough to carry two of all the animals?
Genesis 6 gives us the following: The ark is to be three hundred cubits long, fifty cubits wide and thirty cubits high. 16 Make a roof for it, leaving below the roof an opening one cubit high all around. Put a door in the side of the ark and make lower, middle and upper decks. 17 There where 2 size ranges for cubits: common (450mm) and the longer (520mm) royal. Without us finding the ark, it is impossible for us to determine the exact size Noahs ark. However, it is known that the royal cubit has dominated major building projects of the earliest peoples (example: Tower of Babel, Pyramids of Giza) and therefore is the logical choice for Noah. Some have argued that because the common cubit is used in most Hebrew construction sites, Noah must have also used the same, but there is something wrong with that statement; Noah is not Hebrew. He built the ark in a different time and a different country. However, to silence the critics, most models / studies have still purposely been completed using the smaller common cubit, thus making is more difficult. I will also use the common cubit for my research.
So, was it big enough to carry two of all the animals? With the measurements used above, the arks volume was about 1.54 million cubic feet, for perspective, this is about the same as 522 standard railroad stock cars, which can each hold 240 sheep. So could 522 stock cars hold all the animals? For this we need to look at Genesis 6:19 NLT Bring a pair of every kind of animal Did you catch it? Noah was not told to bring every animal, but every kind of animal or in todays terms, each family or genera. For example, horses, zebras and donkeys are of the same kind. Dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals are also the same kind. John Woodmorapppes book Noahs Ark: A feasible study narrows down all todays species to approx 8,000 kinds of animals (also called Micro Evolution). This would put 16,000 animals on the ark. Furthermore most animals are small, only a few dozen kinds of animals are larger then sheep (plus the fact that no where does God tell Noah to take full grown or older animals. That would mean that the larger animals could be taken in as much smaller infants. This would also make sense as it would be their task to repopulate the world. A younger generation would have better success with this then an older generation that just spent a year on a boat). So, was it big enough? Lets look at the math:
350 cc x 50 cc x 30 cc = 1.54 million cubic feet (c = common cubit)
1.54 million cubic feet = 522 standard railroad stock cars
1 standard railroad stock cars can hold 240 sheep
522 standard railroad stock cars can hold 125,280 sheep
Average animal = Average size of a Sheep
Animals actually kept on the Ark: 18,000
The ark was easily big enough for all the kinds of animals. Not to mention that the above assumptions are based upon the common cubit and not the royal cubit which would add approx 13% to the capacity!
More to come